か JLPT N1 Vocabulary

Browse 156 JLPT N1 Vocabulary entries for Japanese under か.

Kana か

解読かいどく Deciphering; decoding; reading and interpreting something encoded, obscure, or complex.
核心を突くかくしんをつく To get to the heart of the matter; to hit the nail on the head; to make a penetrating remark that cuts to the core.
諫言かんげん Admonition; remonstrance; honest counsel given to a superior to correct a wrong course of action.
回帰かいき Regression; return; recurrence. In statistics, the process of finding the relationship between variables; more broadly, a return to a for...
解析かいせき Analysis; analytical study; parsing. Breaking down complex data, structures, or phenomena into component parts to understand them.
核酸かくさん Nucleic acid; the class of biological molecules including DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis.
核分裂かくぶんれつ Nuclear fission; the splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into lighter nuclei, releasing large amounts of energy.
核融合かくゆうごう Nuclear fusion; the merging of light atomic nuclei to form heavier ones, releasing enormous amounts of energy. The process powering stars.
確率かくりつ Probability; likelihood. A numerical measure of the likelihood that a given event will occur, expressed as a value between 0 and 1.
加速度かそくど Acceleration; the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. A fundamental quantity in classical mechanics.
可塑性かそせい Plasticity; malleability. The ability of a material or system to undergo permanent deformation in response to stress, retaining the new s...
還元反応かんげんはんのう Reduction reaction; a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons (or loses oxygen or gains hydrogen). The counterpart of oxid...
観測かんそく Observation; measurement; monitoring. The act of systematically watching, measuring, or recording natural phenomena for scientific purposes.
海峡かいきょう Strait; channel; narrows. A narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water, flanked on both sides by land.
陽炎かげろう Heat haze; mirage; shimmer. The wavering distortion of light near hot surfaces, especially roads or sand on a summer day.
火山灰かざんばい Volcanic ash. Fine particulate matter ejected from a volcano during an eruption, capable of spreading across vast distances.
霞かすみ Haze; mist; dimness. A soft atmospheric veil that obscures the landscape, particularly associated with spring mornings.
枯れ葉かれは Dead leaf; fallen leaf; withered leaf. A leaf that has dried out and died, typically carpeting the ground in autumn or winter.
干潮かんちょう Low tide; ebb tide. The state of the sea when the water level is at its lowest point in the tidal cycle.
寒流かんりゅう Cold current; cold ocean current. A body of ocean water cooler than its surroundings, flowing in a consistent direction.
格差かくさ Disparity; gap; difference in levels, quality, or status between groups or things.
拡充かくじゅう Expansion; enhancement; augmentation. The act of broadening and strengthening something that already exists.
格段かくだん Remarkable; exceptional; extraordinary. Describes a difference or improvement that is several levels above the ordinary.
禍根かこん Root of evil; source of trouble; the seed of future disaster. Refers to the underlying cause of ongoing or future harm.
過言かごん Exaggeration; overstatement. An expression that goes beyond what is strictly true.
過剰かじょう Excess; surplus; superfluous. Describes an amount or degree that is more than needed or appropriate.
過疎かそ Depopulation; underpopulation. Describes a region that has lost a significant portion of its population, typically due to migration to ur...
片棒かたぼう Accomplice; one who shares in carrying out a scheme, especially a wrongful one. Literally, one side of a carrying pole.
渦中かちゅう In the midst of; in the thick of. Refers to being caught up in the centre of a turbulent or intense situation.
活路かつろ Way out; means of survival; a breakthrough or path to resolution when facing a crisis or dead end.
過渡期かとき Transitional period; an era of change between two distinct states or systems.
空振りからぶり Striking out; missing the target; a futile effort that results in nothing.
感慨かんがい Deep emotion; strong feelings arising from reflection on the past or a significant moment.
簡潔かんけつ Concise; brief; succinct. Describes expression that conveys the essential meaning without unnecessary words.
還元かんげん Return; restoration; reduction. The act of giving back value to a source, or in chemistry, the process of reduction.
換算かんさん Conversion; calculation by translating a value from one unit, currency, or system into another.
完遂かんすい Accomplishment; completion; fulfilment. Successfully carrying out a task or mission to its end.
甲斐あるかいある Worthwhile; rewarding; meaningful. Describes an effort or action that produces satisfying, tangible results justifying the hardship endured.
快活かいかつ Cheerful; lively; vivacious; spirited. Describes a bright, energetic personality or demeanour that enlivens social settings.
甲斐甲斐しいかいがいしい Diligent and devoted; industrious in caring for others; assiduous. Describes someone who works earnestly and selflessly for another perso...
果敢かかん Bold; daring; courageous; resolute. Describes decisive, fearless action carried through without hesitation in the face of difficulty or d...
限りないかぎりない Limitless; endless; boundless; infinite. Describes something that has no discernible end or boundary, often used in emotional and poetic ...
角張ったかくばった Angular; square; stiff; overly formal. Describes shapes with sharp corners, or a manner and speech that is needlessly rigid and lacks war...
過酷かこく Severe; harsh; cruel; rigorous. Describes conditions, treatment, or circumstances that are extremely demanding, merciless, or beyond what...
かすかかすか Faint; slight; dim; vague; subtle. Describes something barely perceptible — a sound, light, smell, or memory on the very threshold of awa...
頑なかたくな Obstinate; stubborn; unyielding; inflexible. Describes a mindset or attitude that is rigidly fixed and resistant to persuasion or change.
かたじけないかたじけない Deeply grateful; profoundly obliged; unworthy of another's kindness. An archaic expression of gratitude so intense the speaker feels humb...
格好いいかっこういい Cool; attractive; stylish; impressive. Describes someone or something that looks or acts in a way that commands admiration — in appearanc...
可憐かれん Lovely; sweet; innocent; endearingly fragile. Describes a person or thing that is charming precisely because of its delicacy, evoking bot...
可憐なかれんな Lovely yet pitiful; touchingly innocent; sweet and vulnerable. Emphasises the aspect of gentle sorrow and fragility that makes something ...
渇いたかわいた Dry; parched; thirsty. Describes a state of intense dryness or thirst — physical or metaphorical — where moisture or fulfilment is urgent...
甲高いかんだかい Shrill; high-pitched; piercing. Describes a voice or sound that is notably high and sharp — often to an attention-grabbing or grating deg...
かんばしいかんばしい Fragrant; sweet-smelling; favourable; auspicious. In the positive sense, describes a pleasant aroma; in the figurative (often negative) s...
買掛金かいかけきん Accounts payable; money a company owes to suppliers for goods or services received but not yet paid for.
貸し倒れかしだおれ Bad debt; an uncollectible loan or receivable that must be written off as a loss because the debtor cannot or will not pay.
諧謔かいぎゃく Humour; wit; pleasantry; jest. Refined, clever humour in speech or writing.
改作かいさく Adaptation; rewriting; revision of an existing work into a new form.
楷書かいしょ Regular script; block-style kanji writing with clear, distinct strokes. The standard printed-style form used in textbooks and signage.
解題かいだい Bibliographic introduction; explanatory annotation accompanying a published work, explaining its background, significance, and editorial ...
書き下ろしかきおろし Newly written work; an original piece written specifically for a publication, not previously serialised or published elsewhere.
書き下し文かきくだしぶん Transcription of kanbun into Japanese word order; a Japanese rendering of a classical Chinese text using reordering marks and phonetic gl...
書き殴るかきなぐる To scrawl; to dash off; to write hastily and carelessly without attention to neatness.
格言かくげん Maxim; proverb; aphorism; a short, memorable saying expressing a general truth or moral lesson.
掛詞かけことば Pivot word; a rhetorical device in waka poetry where a single word simultaneously carries two meanings, serving two grammatical functions...
掛け軸かけじく Hanging scroll; a traditional Japanese artwork or calligraphy mounted on fabric and suspended on a wall or in an alcove (tokonoma).
佳作かさく Fine work; an excellent piece of creative writing or art. Also used in competitions to denote an honourable mention — recognised for qual...
寡作かさく Producing few works; rare creative output. Said of an author or artist known for a small body of work.
語り口かたりくち Narrative style; manner of telling a story or delivering speech. The distinctive tone, rhythm, and approach that characterises a narrator...
語り部かたりべ Storyteller; narrator; oral historian. A person who preserves and transmits stories, history, or cultural memory through spoken narrative.
花鳥風月かちょうふうげつ The beauties of nature; the four quintessential subjects of classical Japanese art and poetry — flowers, birds, the wind, and the moon.
華道かどう The art of flower arrangement; ikebana. The traditional Japanese practice of arranging cut flowers, branches, and plant material accordin...
仮名かな Kana; the Japanese phonetic syllabary comprising hiragana and katakana, developed from simplified Chinese characters.
仮名遣いかなづかい Kana orthography; the system of rules governing how kana characters are used to spell Japanese words.
佳品かひん Fine work; excellent piece or product of notably high quality in literary, artistic, or craft contexts.
歌舞伎かぶき Kabuki; a traditional form of Japanese theatre featuring elaborate costumes, stylised performances, and distinctive kumadori makeup.
漢詩かんし Chinese poetry; classical verse composed in the Chinese language and poetic tradition, especially that composed in Japan during the Nara ...
漢文かんぶん Classical Chinese writing; kanbun. Texts written in classical Chinese, particularly as read and studied within the Japanese literary trad...
換喩かんゆ Metonymy; a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it.
慣用句かんようく Idiomatic expression; a set phrase whose meaning cannot be derived from the individual words. A fixed expression used in established cont...
過去帳かこちょう Death register; a Buddhist memorial book recording the posthumous names, death dates, and ages of deceased family members. Kept at temple...
過渡かと Transition; a transitional period; an intermediate state between two distinct conditions or eras.
上半期かみはんき The first half of a year; in business contexts, typically April to September in the Japanese fiscal year (April–March).
割賦かっぷ Instalment plan; hire purchase; a payment arrangement in which the total cost is divided into regular periodic payments. Common in consum...
過当競争かとうきょうそう Excessive competition; cut-throat competition; a market condition in which too many players compete aggressively, often driving prices be...
稼働率かどうりつ Operating rate; utilisation rate; uptime. The ratio of actual operating time or output to the theoretical maximum, expressed as a percent...
株価かぶか Stock price; share price. The current market value of one share of a publicly listed company.
株主かぶぬし Shareholder; stockholder. A person or entity that owns shares in a company, and thereby holds partial ownership and certain rights.
空売りからうり Short selling; selling short. A trading strategy in which an investor borrows shares and sells them, hoping to buy them back later at a l...
監査かんさ Audit; inspection; examination; supervision. A formal review of an organisation's financial records, processes, or compliance with regula...
関連会社かんれんがいしゃ Affiliated company; associated company. A company in which another company holds a significant but non-controlling equity stake, typicall...
介助かいじょ Physical assistance; hands-on caregiving support for daily activities, especially helping disabled or elderly individuals.
快方かいほう Recovery; improvement; progress in the direction of better health.
過食かしょく Overeating; binge eating; consuming excessive amounts of food beyond what the body needs.
寛解かんかい Remission; the reduction or disappearance of symptoms without a complete cure, particularly in chronic or serious illness.
緩和ケアかんわケア Palliative care; medical care focused on relieving pain and improving quality of life for patients with serious illness.
過干渉かかんしょう Overintervention; excessive meddling; being overbearing in another's affairs, especially in a parent-child or professional context.
加害かがい Inflicting harm; perpetration; the act of causing injury, damage, or loss to another person.
核家族かくかぞく Nuclear family. A family unit consisting of parents (or a single parent) and their dependent children, living together without extended f...
格差社会かくさしゃかい A society with widening inequality; a stratified society marked by large and growing gaps in income, wealth, or opportunity between diffe...
格差是正かくさぜせい Correction of disparities; reducing inequality; policies or efforts aimed at narrowing gaps in income, wealth, education, or opportunity.
格式かくしき Social standing; formality; prestige; the established conventions and decorum associated with a particular class, institution, or occasion.
格付けかくづけ Rating; ranking; classification; grading. The act of assigning a rank or grade to something based on evaluated criteria.
過疎化かそか Depopulation; the process by which a region loses population, typically through outmigration to urban areas, resulting in sparse settleme...
過疎地域かそちいき Depopulated area; underpopulated region. An area designated as having significantly declined in population, typically a rural or remote d...
家督かとく Family headship; the right and responsibility of succession to a family's estate, name, and assets, formerly held by the eldest son under...
過保護かほご Overprotective; overindulgent; an excessive degree of care or sheltering that prevents the development of independence, especially in a p...
界隈かいわい Neighbourhood; vicinity; surrounding area; a particular quarter or district. Also used for a community or scene (especially online).
改憲かいけん Constitutional amendment; revision of the constitution. The act of changing the existing constitution.
戒厳令かいげんれい Martial law; state of emergency placing a territory under military authority.
開国かいこく Opening of a country; ending isolation. The act of a nation opening its borders to foreign trade and diplomacy.
解散かいさん Dissolution (of parliament); disbanding. The formal termination of an assembly or organisation.
傀儡かいらい Puppet; figurehead; marionette. A person or state controlled by an outside power.
閣僚かくりょう Cabinet minister; member of the cabinet. A minister who sits in the government's cabinet.
勧告かんこく Recommendation; advice; counsel; warning. An official suggestion or urging directed at an entity to take a particular action.
官邸かんてい Official residence; the Prime Minister's office and residence. The seat of executive power.
過密かみつ Overcrowding; excessive congestion or density. Used to describe overpopulated areas, overburdened schedules, or overcrowded facilities.
仮釈放かりしゃくほう Parole; conditional release of a prisoner before completing a full sentence, subject to good behaviour and compliance with conditions.
環境汚染かんきょうおせん Environmental pollution; the contamination of natural environments by harmful substances, industrial waste, or human activity.
冠婚葬祭かんこんそうさい The four major ceremonial occasions in Japanese life: coming-of-age, weddings, funerals, and ancestral rites. Collectively refers to impo...
快感かいかん Pleasant feeling; pleasure; thrill. A satisfying or exhilarating sensation arising from physical, intellectual, or aesthetic stimulation.
悔恨かいこん Regret; remorse; repentance. A deep, inward-directed bitterness over one's own past actions or failures.
快哉かいさい Shout of triumph; elation; exultation. The surge of jubilant satisfaction upon achieving victory or vindication.
快哉を叫ぶかいさいをさけぶ To shout with joy; to cry out in triumph. To give voice — outwardly or inwardly — to a surge of triumphant elation.
感慨深いかんがいぶかい Deeply moving; profoundly emotional; touching. Describes a moment that stirs deep, reflective feeling — often when revisiting the past or...
掻い潜るかいくぐる To dodge; to evade; to slip through (surveillance, rules, or obstacles).
掲げるかかげる To raise; to hoist (a flag or banner); to put up; to advocate; to set forth (a principle or goal).
掻き消えるかききえる To vanish; to disappear suddenly and completely; to fade away in an instant.
掻き消すかきけす To drown out (a sound); to wipe out; to extinguish completely; to cause something to vanish utterly.
掻き立てるかきたてる To stir up; to arouse; to whip up (emotions, curiosity, or desire); to fan the flames of.
掻き回すかきまわす To stir up; to rummage through; to disturb; to throw (an organisation or situation) into confusion.
嗅ぎ取るかぎとる To smell out; to detect by scent; to sense or intuit (a hidden truth, danger, or intention).
格付けるかくづける To rate; to rank; to classify; to assign a grade or rating to.
蔭るかげる To become cloudy; to darken; to become overshadowed; to dim (of light, mood, or prospects).
託けるかこつける To use as a pretext; to make an excuse of something; to use one thing as a cover reason for doing another.
重ね合わせるかさねあわせる To overlap; to superimpose; to layer one thing onto another; to project one experience onto another.
嵩むかさむ To pile up; to mount; to increase; to accumulate (usually of expenses, costs, or burdens).
翳すかざす To hold up; to hold over; to shade; to screen; to pass (a card) over a reader.
齧るかじる To gnaw; to nibble; to have a smattering of (a subject); to dabble in superficially.
傾くかたむく To tilt; to lean; to incline; to decline (of fortunes, a dynasty, or power).
語り継ぐかたりつぐ To pass down (a story or tradition) through telling; to hand down by word of mouth across generations.
勝ち取るかちとる To win; to gain; to secure; to achieve through struggle and determination.
掻っ捌くかっさばく To rip open; to slash open; to gut; to cut through decisively.
闊歩かっぽ Striding boldly; swaggering; walking with conspicuous confidence or self-importance.
歓喜かんき Delight; great joy; rapture; ecstasy. An intense, exuberant feeling of happiness that is often shared with others.
寛恕かんじょ Forgiveness; magnanimity; leniency; pardon. The generous act of overlooking another's fault with a broad and tolerant heart.
感無量かんむりょう Deeply moved; overwhelmed with emotion. Describes a state in which feelings are too profound and numerous to express in words.
感銘かんめい Deep impression; being deeply moved. A feeling that is etched into the heart by something profoundly admirable or beautiful.
兼ねるかねる To serve dual functions; to double as something else; in negative constructions, to be unable to do something out of hesitation or propri...
噛み合うかみあう To mesh together; for gears or parts to engage properly; for two parties, arguments, or efforts to be in sync or alignment.
噛み合わせるかみあわせる To cause parts to mesh or fit together; to align precisely; to coordinate two systems or schedules so they work in tandem.
噛み砕くかみくだく To chew thoroughly, breaking food into pieces; figuratively, to explain something complex in simple, digestible terms.
噛み締めるかみしめる To bite down hard; to chew thoroughly; figuratively, to savour deeply or reflect carefully on an experience, memory, or emotion.
噛みつくかみつく To bite; to sink one's teeth into something or someone; figuratively, to snap at someone verbally, or to challenge aggressively.
絡み合うからみあう To be intertwined; to be tangled together; for multiple factors, interests, or relationships to be intricately interconnected.
駆り立てるかりたてる To drive someone on; to urge; to spur into action; to be propelled by a powerful impulse such as desire, fear, or duty.
鑑みるかんがみる To consider carefully in light of a reference point, past example, or present circumstances; to reflect on and draw lessons from.