そこで (temporal)
Meaning
A conjunction that connects an event to an action taken at the time of that event. Translates as 'at that point,' 'just then,' or 'thereupon.'
In its temporal usage, そこで marks a specific moment in a narrative where something happened, and the second clause describes what occurred or what someone did at that exact moment. Unlike the causal そこで, this usage focuses on timing rather than reasoning — the first clause sets the scene and the second describes what happens next in the story. It is very common in storytelling, recounting events, and written narratives. The distinction from the causal usage can sometimes be subtle, but the key test is whether the second clause is a response to a problem (causal) or simply the next event in a sequence (temporal). Both usages share the same form, and context determines the interpretation.
Examples
- 駅に着いた。そこで、偶然高校時代の友人に出会った。 I arrived at the station. Just then, I happened to run into a friend from high school.
- ちょうど出かけようとしていた。そこで、電話が鳴った。 I was just about to go out. At that moment, the phone rang.
- 会議が始まろうとしていた。そこで、部長が突然入ってきた。 The meeting was about to start. Just then, the department head suddenly walked in.
Usage Guide
Context: written, spoken, narrative, storytelling
Tone: narrative
Do Say
- 公園を歩いていた。そこで、昔の同僚にばったり会った。
- 料理を作っていた。そこで、急にガスが止まった。
- 発表の準備が終わった。そこで、会場のドアが開いた。
Don't Say
- 毎日勉強している。そこで、先生に会った。(Using そこで with habitual action in the first clause — temporal そこで requires a specific moment, not a routine) → 昨日勉強していた。そこで、先生に会った。
- 来週出張する。そこで、社長に報告する。(Using そこで for a future planned event — this sounds like causal そこで; for future timing use その時に instead) → 来週出張する。その時に、社長に報告する。
Origin & History
From そこ (there/that point) and で (at). In the temporal sense, it retains the original spatial meaning more directly — 'at that point in time/space' — marking a moment in a narrative sequence.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Related Phrases
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