そこで (reason)

Japanese Grammar Intermediate Japanese ★★★★ 4/5 neutral そこでsoko de
Reading そこで
Romaji soko de
Formation Situation/Problem。そこで、Action taken in response

Meaning

A conjunction that connects a situation presented as a reason to an action taken in response. Translates as 'therefore,' 'so,' or 'that being the case.'

そこで as a reason conjunction presents a situation in the first clause and then describes a deliberate action or decision made in response to that situation. Unlike したがって, which emphasizes logical necessity, そこで implies that the speaker (or someone) actively decided to take action based on the circumstances. The action in the second clause is always volitional — something someone chose to do. This distinguishes it from its temporal usage. そこで is common in narratives, problem-solving descriptions, and business contexts where someone identifies a problem and explains what they did about it. It sits between the casual だから and the formal したがって in terms of register.

Examples

  1. 電車が止まっていた。そこで、タクシーで会社に向かった。 The trains had stopped. So I headed to the office by taxi.
  2. 参加者が少なかった。そこで、日程を変更することにした。 There were few participants. So we decided to change the schedule.
  3. パソコンの調子が悪くなった。そこで、専門家に相談した。 My computer started acting up. So I consulted a specialist.

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, narrative, business

Tone: practical

Do Say

  • 材料が足りなかった。そこで、近くのスーパーに買いに行った。
  • 顧客からの苦情が増えた。そこで、サービスの見直しを行った。
  • 子供が熱を出した。そこで、今日は会社を休むことにした。

Don't Say

  • 雨が降った。そこで、道が濡れた。(Using そこで with a non-volitional result — the second clause must describe a deliberate action) → 雨が降った。そのため、道が濡れた。
  • 疲れた。そこで、眠くなった。(Using そこで for an involuntary consequence — そのため or それで is appropriate here) → 疲れた。それで、眠くなった。

Origin & History

Composed of そこ (there/that point) and で (particle of location or means). Originally meaning 'at that point,' it extended to causal usage as 'given that situation, then...'

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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