こ JLPT N2 Vocabulary

Kana こ

1. 公安 こうあん Public peace; public safety; public security. Also refers to the public security police.
2. 好意 こうい Kindness; favour; goodwill; friendliness. A warm, positive feeling towards someone.
3. 攻撃する こうげきする To attack; to assault; to launch an offensive against a target.
4. 講座 こうざ Course; lecture series; a structured educational programme on a specific topic.
5. 交際費 こうさいひ Entertainment expenses; socialising costs. Money spent on business entertainment or social obligations.
6. 考察する こうさつする To investigate; to examine; to consider carefully. A thorough, analytical examination of a topic.
7. 口実 こうじつ Excuse; pretext. A reason given to justify an action, often not the true reason.
8. 交渉する こうしょうする To negotiate; to bargain; to conduct discussions to reach an agreement.
9. 香辛料 こうしんりょう Spice; spices; condiment. Aromatic seasonings used in cooking.
10. 降水量 こうすいりょう Amount of precipitation; rainfall. The measured volume of rain, snow, or other precipitation.
11. 功績 こうせき Achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; notable contribution.
12. 抗争 こうそう Rivalry; feud; conflict; struggle; strife. An ongoing dispute or power struggle between groups.
13. 拘束する こうそくする To restrain; to detain; to bind; to restrict someone's freedom of movement or action.
14. 交替する こうたいする To take turns; to take somebody's place; to alternate or rotate duties.
15. 構築する こうちくする To construct; to build; to establish a system, structure, or framework.
16. 鋼鉄 こうてつ Steel; a strong alloy of iron and carbon used in construction and manufacturing.
17. 口頭試験 こうとうしけん Oral examination; a test conducted through spoken questions and answers rather than writing.
18. 口頭で注意する こうとうでちゅういする To warn verbally; to give a spoken caution or reprimand rather than a written one.
19. 購入 こうにゅう Purchase; buying; the act of acquiring goods or services by paying for them.
20. 交付する こうふする To deliver; to issue; to grant officially, especially documents or certificates from an authority.
21. 公募する こうぼする To seek publicly; to solicit applications from the general public; to make an open call.
22. 公約する こうやくする To pledge; to make a public promise or commitment, especially in politics.
23. 公理 こうり Axiom; maxim; a self-evident truth accepted as a foundation for reasoning.
24. 効力 こうりょく Effect; efficacy; validity; the power of something to produce a result.
25. 小柄 こがら Small build; petite; of small stature or frame.
26. 顧客名簿 こきゃくめいぼ Customer mailing list; customer register; a list of clients and their details.
27. 国際紛争 こくさいふんそう International dispute; a conflict or disagreement between nations.
28. 国際連合 こくさいれんごう United Nations; the international organisation established in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation.
29. 国土 こくど Country; territory; the land area belonging to a nation; domain or realm.
30. 国連 こくれん United Nations; UN; the common abbreviation for 国際連合.
31. 心配り こころくばり Exerting care; attention; consideration; thoughtfulness towards others.
32. 志 こころざし Will; resolution; intention; ambition; aim; a deeply held aspiration or goal.
33. 孤児院 こじいん Orphanage; an institution that houses and cares for children who have lost their parents.
34. 個性 こせい Individuality; personality; a unique or distinctive character trait that sets someone or something apart.
35. 誇張 こちょう Exaggeration; overstating something beyond what is accurate or true.
36. 国交 こっこう Diplomatic relations; the official relationship between nations.
37. 骨子 こっし Main point; gist; essentials; the core framework or skeleton of an idea or plan.
38. 事柄 ことがら Matter; thing; affair; circumstance.
39. コネ コネ Connection; pull; personal contacts used to gain advantage.
40. 孤立 こりつ Isolation; being cut off; standing alone without allies or support.
41. 根気 こんき Patience; perseverance; persistence; tenacity.
42. 根拠 こんきょ Basis; grounds; foundation; evidence supporting a claim.
43. 根源 こんげん Root; source; origin; fundamental cause of something.
44. コンサルタント コンサルタント Consultant; a professional who provides expert advice in a specialised field.
45. 混同 こんどう Confusion; mixing up; conflating two distinct things.
46. 交互に こうごに Alternately; by turns; one after the other. Taking turns in a back-and-forth pattern.
47. 公然 こうぜん Open; public; overt. Done or stated openly without concealment.
48. 高タンパク こうたんぱく High-protein. Describing food or a diet that contains a large amount of protein.
49. 口頭 こうとう Oral; verbal; spoken. Communication delivered by speech rather than in writing.
50. 購読 こうどく Subscribing to; buying and reading. Taking a regular subscription to a newspaper, magazine, or publication.
51. 後任 こうにん Successor; replacement. A person who takes over a position or role from someone else.
52. 香ばしい こうばしい Aromatic; fragrant; savoury-smelling. Describes the pleasant smell of roasted or grilled food.
53. 好評 こうひょう Favourable reception; good reputation; popularity. Describes something that is well-received or highly regarded.
54. 後方 こうほう Rear; back; behind. Refers to the area or direction behind something.
55. 巧妙 こうみょう Ingenious; skilful; clever; deft. Describes something done with remarkable skill or cunning.
56. 恒例 こうれい Established practice; custom; annual tradition. Something done regularly as a fixed routine.
57. 顧客 こきゃく Customer; client; patron. A formal term for a person who buys goods or services.
58. 心地よい ここちよい Comfortable; pleasant. Describes a feeling of physical or emotional ease and satisfaction.
59. 心残り こころのこり Regret; reluctance to leave something behind. A lingering feeling of sadness about something unfinished or lost.
60. 心細い こころぼそい Helpless; forlorn; lonely; anxious. Describes a feeling of insecurity or vulnerability when lacking support.
61. 快い こころよい Pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing. Describes a feeling of genuine satisfaction or agreeableness.
62. 孤児 こじ Orphan. A child who has lost both parents or has been abandoned.
63. 腰が低い こしがひくい Humble; modest; unassuming. Describes a person who behaves respectfully without arrogance.
64. 個性的 こせいてき Individual; distinctive; unique; idiosyncratic. Describes someone or something with a strong personal character.
65. コツコツ コツコツ Steadily; diligently; persistently. Describes working hard in a patient, unflagging manner.
66. こっそり こっそり Stealthily; secretly; in secret. Describes doing something quietly so as not to be noticed.
67. こってり こってり Thickly; heavily; richly. Describes food with a strong, rich flavour or thick, heavy seasoning.
68. 悉く ことごとく Altogether; entirely; without exception. Emphasises that every single instance follows the same pattern.
69. 好ましい このましい Nice; likeable; desirable; preferable. Describes something that is viewed favourably or considered ideal.
70. 昆虫 こんちゅう Insect; bug. The general scientific and everyday term for insects.
71. 根本的 こんぽんてき Fundamental; basic; essential. Describes something at the root or core of a matter.
72. 降格 こうかく Demotion; relegation; downgrading. A reduction in rank or status within an organisation.
73. 好況 こうきょう Economic boom; prosperous conditions; thriving business. A period of strong economic growth and activity.
74. 控除 こうじょ Deduction; subtraction. Most commonly refers to tax deductions that reduce taxable income.
75. 小売業 こうりぎょう Retail trade; retailing. The business of selling goods directly to consumers.
76. 雇用 こよう Employment; hiring. The act or state of employing workers.
77. 雇用する こようする To employ; to hire. To take on someone as a worker or staff member.
78. 抗議活動 こうぎかつどう Protest action; protest movement. Organized activities carried out to express opposition or dissent.
79. 口語 こうご Spoken language; colloquial speech. The form of language used in everyday conversation as opposed to literary or formal writing.
80. 口論 こうろん Quarrel; argument; verbal dispute. A heated exchange of words between people who disagree.
81. 告訴する こくそする To file a lawsuit; to prosecute; to press charges. To formally accuse someone of a crime through legal proceedings.
82. 古典 こてん Classic; the classics. A work of literature, art, or music that has stood the test of time.
83. コラム コラム Column; feature article. A regular section in a newspaper or magazine, often expressing personal opinions or analysis.
84. 懇願 こんがん Pleading; entreaty; supplication. An earnest, heartfelt request made with great sincerity.
85. 更衣室 こういしつ Locker room; changing room; dressing room. A room designated for changing clothes.
86. 小売り店 こうりてん Retail store; retail shop. A store that sells goods directly to consumers.
87. 個室 こしつ Private room; single room. A room for one person or a small group, offering privacy.
88. 戸籍 こせき Family register. Japan's official registry system that records births, marriages, deaths, and family relationships.
89. 子育て こそだて Child rearing; raising children; parenting. The process and experience of bringing up children.
90. 心構え こころがまえ Mental preparedness; readiness; frame of mind. Having the right attitude for a situation.
91. 孤独 こどく Solitude; loneliness; isolation. Being alone and feeling cut off from others.
92. 後遺症 こういしょう Aftereffect; sequela; lingering symptom. A health problem that persists after an illness or injury has otherwise healed.
93. 高血圧 こうけつあつ High blood pressure; hypertension. A chronic condition where blood pressure is elevated above normal levels.
94. 控訴 こうそ Appeal to a higher court; intermediate appeal. The act of requesting a higher court to review a lower court's decision.
95. 告訴 こくそ Accusation; criminal complaint; pressing charges. The formal act of reporting a crime and requesting prosecution.
96. 光合成 こうごうせい Photosynthesis. The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.
97. 光沢 こうたく Lustre; gloss; sheen. A smooth, shiny quality on a surface.
98. 拘束時間 こうそくじかん Total working hours; time bound to work. The total period during which an employee is required to be at their workplace.
99. 後退 こうたい Retreat; regression; decline. Moving backwards physically or figuratively losing progress.
100. 呼吸が合う こきゅうがあう To be in sync; to work well together; to hit it off. Describes when two people's timing and rhythm match perfectly.
101. 志す こころざす To aspire to; to set one's heart on; to aim for. Expresses a strong, purposeful intention toward a goal.
102. 心に刻む こころにきざむ To etch into one's heart; to engrave in memory; to remember deeply and never forget.
103. 試みる こころみる To try; to attempt; to have a go at something. A somewhat formal or literary way to express making an attempt.
104. 心を奪われる こころをうばわれる To be captivated by; to be fascinated with; to have one's heart stolen. Describes being deeply enchanted or mesmerized.
105. 拗らせる こじらせる To aggravate; to complicate; to make worse. Used when a situation, illness, or relationship becomes more tangled or difficult.
106. 懲りる こりる To learn one's lesson; to learn the hard way; to have had enough of something unpleasant.
107. 凝る こる To become stiff (of muscles); to be absorbed in; to be particular about. Has multiple related senses around concentration and tension.