~をはじめ(として)
Meaning
Used to introduce a primary or representative example from a larger group, meaning 'starting with,' 'including,' or 'such as... and others.'
This expression highlights one prominent example before implying that there are many others in the same category. It is similar to 'for example' but specifically positions the stated item as the leading or most notable representative. をはじめ and をはじめとして are interchangeable, with をはじめとして being slightly more formal. Unlike たとえば, which neutrally introduces any example, をはじめ gives special prominence to the item mentioned and implies additional items follow. It is commonly used in written Japanese, speeches, presentations, and news reports when listing notable instances.
Examples
- 東京をはじめ大都市では地価が高い。 Land prices are high in major cities, starting with Tokyo.
- 日本語をはじめとして三つの言語を勉強している。 I am studying three languages, including Japanese.
- 社長をはじめ全社員が参加した。 All employees participated, starting with the company president.
Usage Guide
Context: written, formal speech, presentations
Tone: enumerative
Do Say
- 英語をはじめ多くの言語でサービスを提供している。
- 田中さんをはじめとしてチーム全員が協力した。
- 桜をはじめ春の花が一斉に咲いた。
Don't Say
- 東京がはじめ大都市では地価が高い。(Using が instead of を — the representative example takes the particle を) → 東京をはじめ大都市では地価が高い。
- 社長をはじめとして参加した。(Omitting the broader group — をはじめ needs both the example and the larger category it represents) → 社長をはじめとして全社員が参加した。
Origin & History
Compound of を (object particle) and はじめ (beginning, from 始める, to begin). Literally 'beginning with,' it positions one item as the starting point of a broader list.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Related Phrases
Flashcards, quizzes, audio pronunciation and spaced repetition