~によらず

Japanese Grammar Advanced Japanese ★★ 2/5 formal によらずni yorazu
Reading によらず
Romaji ni yorazu
Formation Noun + によらず

Meaning

A compound particle meaning 'regardless of' or 'without depending on.' It indicates that the outcome or statement holds true irrespective of the factor mentioned.

によらず expresses that something is not determined by, conditioned on, or limited by the preceding element. It is functionally close to にかかわらず and を問わず, but によらず specifically emphasizes that the stated factor is irrelevant to the result. It often appears in formal or official contexts — regulations, announcements, and academic writing. Unlike にもかかわらず, which concedes a surprising contradiction, によらず simply declares a factor is not a variable. It can attach to nouns representing categories, methods, or conditions.

Examples

  1. 応募は年齢によらず受け付けております。 Applications are accepted regardless of age.
  2. 手段によらず、目標を達成することが最優先だ。 Regardless of the means, achieving the goal is the top priority.
  3. 理由によらず、期限を過ぎた提出は認められない。 Regardless of the reason, submissions past the deadline will not be accepted.

Usage Guide

Context: written, formal speech, regulations, announcements

Tone: declarative

Do Say

  • 国籍によらず、すべての利用者に同じサービスを提供する方針です。
  • 方法によらず、安全性の確保を最優先とすること。
  • 結果によらず、参加したこと自体に大きな価値がある。

Don't Say

  • 天気によらず、散歩に行く。(Too casual for によらず — use にかかわらず or を問わず in everyday speech) → 天気にかかわらず、散歩に行くようにしている。
  • 彼は成績によらず卒業した。(Ambiguous — sounds like grades were bypassed rather than being irrelevant to eligibility) → 成績の優劣によらず、所定の単位を修得した者は卒業が認められる。

Origin & History

Composed of the particle に and よらず, the negative continuative form of よる (to depend on, to be based on). Literally 'not depending on,' it evolved into a formal expression of independence from a stated condition.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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