まさか (no way / surely not)

Japanese Grammar Intermediate Japanese ★★★★ 4/5 neutral まさかmasaka
Reading まさか
Romaji masaka
Formation まさか + Clause(とは思わなかった / ないだろう / etc.)

Meaning

An adverb expressing the speaker's strong disbelief that something could happen or be true. It conveys 'no way,' 'surely not,' or 'I never expected.'

まさか is used in two main ways: as an exclamation of disbelief on its own, and within a sentence to express that something is unexpected or beyond imagination. When used with とは思わなかった or similar endings, it emphasizes that the speaker never imagined the outcome. Unlike 信じられない which simply states disbelief, まさか carries a stronger emotional sense of shock. It often pairs with negative predicates or hypothetical constructions. In casual speech, まさか alone can function as a complete response meaning 'No way!'

Examples

  1. まさか彼が会社を辞めるとは思わなかった。 I never thought he would quit the company.
  2. まさかこんなところで旧友に会うなんて驚いた。 I was shocked to run into an old friend in a place like this.
  3. まさか雪が降るとは、傘も持っていなかった。 I never expected it to snow — I didn't even have an umbrella.

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, everyday

Tone: shocked

Do Say

  • まさか試験に落ちるなんて、信じられない。
  • まさかあの店が閉店するとは思ってもいなかった。
  • まさか本当だったの?冗談だと思っていた。

Don't Say

  • まさか明日は雨が降る。(まさか needs a clause expressing surprise or disbelief, not a plain prediction) → まさか明日雨が降るとは思わなかった。
  • まさか彼は優しい人です。(まさか cannot be used for simple positive statements without a sense of disbelief) → まさか彼がそんなに優しい人だとは思わなかった。

Origin & History

まさか derives from the classical adjective まさか (正か), meaning 'truly' or 'really.' Its modern usage shifted to emphasize disbelief and the unexpected nature of events.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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