入札

• Reading: にゅうさつ
• Romaji: nyusatsu
• Kanji breakdown: 入 (nyu) — to enter; 札 (satsu) — card, bill, tag
• Pronunciation: /ɲɯ.ː.sa.tsɯ/

Meaning

Bid; tender; sealed bid. Submitting a price or proposal to win a contract, acquire goods at auction, or participate in public procurement.

A noun and suru-verb referring to the competitive bidding process used in auctions and procurement tenders. 一般競争入札 (ippan kyoso nyusatsu) is open competitive tendering used for public works; 指名競争入札 (shimei kyoso nyusatsu) limits bids to pre-selected firms. Bid rigging (談合, dango) in public 入札 is a persistent compliance concern in Japan, prosecuted under the Antimonopoly Act.

Examples

1. 市の公共工事に複数の建設会社が入札した。 Multiple construction companies submitted bids for the city's public works project.
2. 最低価格での入札が必ずしも落札に繋がるわけではない。 Bidding the lowest price does not necessarily guarantee winning the contract.
3. 談合防止のため、入札に関する情報は厳重に管理されている。 To prevent bid rigging, information related to tendering is managed with strict controls.

Usage Guide

Context: public procurement, auctions, construction contracts

Tone: technical

Origin & History

From 入 (nyu) meaning 'to enter' and 札 (satsu) meaning 'bill, card, tag.' The image is of putting in one's card — submitting a bid on a written slip.

Cultural Context

Era: Meiji–Modern

Generation: Business professionals

Social background: Corporate, government