おり (humble continuous)

Japanese Grammar Intermediate Japanese ★★★ 3/5 formal おりori
Reading おり
Romaji ori
Formation Verb て-form + おり(ます)

Meaning

The ます-stem form of the humble auxiliary verb おる. It is used in formal and humble speech to describe ongoing states or actions, functioning as a humble equivalent of ている.

おり is the 連用形 (continuative form) of おる, the humble counterpart of いる. When combined with the て-form of a verb (Vて + おり), it creates a humble or formal version of ている. For instance, 住んでおります is a humble way to say 住んでいます. It appears frequently in business correspondence, formal introductions, and official announcements. The form おります (with ます) is standard polite; おり alone is used in the continuative position to connect to subsequent clauses. Unlike いる, おる inherently carries a humble or formal nuance, so using it about a superior's actions would be inappropriate.

Examples

  1. 現在、東京に住んでおります。 I currently reside in Tokyo.
  2. その件については存じておりました。 I was aware of that matter.
  3. 担当者は席を外しており、只今戻れません。 The person in charge has stepped away and cannot return at this time.

Usage Guide

Context: business, written, formal speech

Tone: humble

Do Say

  • 以前からこの問題について考えておりました。
  • 現在、資料を準備しております。
  • 来月から新しい部署で働いております。

Don't Say

  • 社長は会議室にておりました。(おる is humble; using it to describe a superior's action is incorrect) → 社長は会議室にいらっしゃいました。
  • 猫がソファに寝ておる。(おる for animals sounds archaic or dialectal, not business-appropriate) → 猫がソファに寝ている。

Origin & History

おる is the humble form of いる, originating from classical Japanese where おる was a general verb meaning 'to be' for animate beings. It gradually acquired humble connotations as keigo developed in the medieval period.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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