~かもしれない (possibility)

Japanese Grammar Basic Japanese ★★★★★ 5/5 neutral かもしれないkamoshirenai
Reading かもしれない
Romaji kamoshirenai
Formation Verb plain form + かもしれない / い-Adj + かもしれない / な-Adj (stem/+だ) + かもしれない / Noun (stem/+だ) + かもしれない

Meaning

Expresses the speaker's acknowledgement that something might be the case, without certainty. It translates as 'might,' 'may,' or 'perhaps.' It conveys a lower degree of certainty than だろう.

かもしれない attaches to the plain form of predicates and expresses that the speaker cannot rule out a possibility. It is weaker in certainty than だろう — the speaker is genuinely uncertain rather than leaning toward a prediction. For な-adjectives and nouns, both だ + かもしれない and stem + かもしれない are acceptable in modern Japanese. The polite form is かもしれません, and in casual speech it is often shortened to かもしれない → かもしんない → かも. This expression is frequently used to hedge statements or soften assertions in conversation.

Examples

  1. 明日は雨が降るかもしれない。 It might rain tomorrow.
  2. この問題は私には難しいかもしれない。 This problem might be difficult for me.
  3. 彼はもう帰ったかもしれない。 He might have already gone home.

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, everyday

Tone: tentative

Do Say

  • 電車に乗り遅れるかもしれないから走ろう。
  • あの話は嘘かもしれない。
  • 来週は忙しいかもしれません。
  • 考えすぎかもしれないけど心配だ。

Don't Say

  • 明日は雨が降るかもしれないだろう。(かもしれない and だろう are both conjecture — do not stack them together) → 明日は雨が降るかもしれない。
  • 絶対に遅刻するかもしれない。(絶対 expresses certainty, which contradicts the uncertainty of かもしれない) → 遅刻するかもしれない。

Origin & History

かもしれない comes from the combination of the particle か (question), も (also/even), and 知れない (cannot know), literally meaning 'one cannot even know if.' It grammaticalised as a fixed expression of uncertainty.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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