~欲しい (want something)

Japanese Grammar Basic Japanese ★★★★★ 5/5 neutral ほしいhoshii
Reading ほしい
Romaji hoshii
Formation Noun + が + 欲しい
Kanji breakdown 欲 (よく) — desire, greed

Meaning

Expresses the speaker's desire to have or obtain something. The desired object is marked with the particle が. It functions as an い-adjective.

欲しい describes the speaker's desire to possess something. Like たい, it is primarily used for first-person statements and second-person questions. For third-person desires, 欲しがる or 欲しがっている is used instead. It conjugates regularly as an い-adjective: 欲しくない (negative), 欲しかった (past). The desired item takes が rather than を. When asking someone of higher status what they want, お入り用ですか or similar indirect expressions are preferred over 欲しいですか.

Examples

  1. 新しいパソコンが欲しい。 I want a new computer.
  2. 何か冷たいものが欲しいです。 I want something cold to drink.
  3. 子供のころ犬が欲しかった。 I wanted a dog when I was a child.

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, everyday

Tone: expressive

Do Say

  • 自分の部屋が欲しいなあ。
  • 今は静かな時間が欲しいです。
  • 車の免許が欲しくて教習所に通っている。

Don't Say

  • 新しい靴を欲しい。(The desired object takes が, not を — use 靴が欲しい) → 新しい靴が欲しい。
  • 先生は新しい辞書が欲しいです。(欲しい cannot describe a superior's desire — use indirect expressions like お入り用ですか) → 先生は新しい辞書が欲しいそうです。

Origin & History

The adjective 欲しい has roots in classical Japanese ほし, an auxiliary adjective expressing desire that was already in use during the Nara period.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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