~間・あいだ(に) (during)
Meaning
Indicates the duration or interval between two temporal or physical points. When followed by に, it emphasizes that something happens at some point within that duration.
あいだ without に emphasizes that an action or state continues throughout the entire duration, while あいだに indicates that something happens at some point during that period. For example, 寝ている間 means 'the entire time while sleeping,' whereas 寝ている間に means 'at some point while sleeping.' The modifying clause before あいだ typically uses ている for ongoing states. あいだ can also connect two nouns with と or から...まで to indicate a spatial or temporal span between two points.
Examples
- 母が買い物をしている間、家で待っていた。 While my mother was shopping, I waited at home.
- 夏休みの間に、三冊の本を読んだ。 During summer vacation, I read three books.
- 赤ちゃんが寝ている間に、掃除をした。 While the baby was sleeping, I did the cleaning.
Usage Guide
Context: spoken, written, everyday
Tone: descriptive
Do Say
- 電車に乗っている間、本を読みます。
- 留守の間に、荷物が届いたようだ。
- 授業の間はスマホを使わないでください。
Don't Say
- 寝る間に、電話が来た。(Ongoing state requires ている before 間 — 寝ている間に) → 寝ている間に、電話が来た。
- 夏休み間に旅行した。(Noun before 間 requires の) → 夏休みの間に旅行した。
Origin & History
The noun 間 (aida) originally meant 'space between' in physical terms and extended to temporal intervals in classical Japanese literature.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Related Phrases
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