んとする
Meaning
A literary phrase meaning 'to try to do' or 'to be about to do,' expressing either an intentional attempt or the imminence of an event. It conveys deliberate effort or the verge of something happening.
んとする is a classical construction combining the volitional auxiliary む (shortened to ん) with とする. It has two main uses: (1) expressing an attempt or intention — someone tries or endeavours to do something, and (2) expressing imminence — something is on the verge of happening. In the intentional sense, it is close to ~(よ)うとする but sounds more literary and dramatic. In the imminence sense, it describes a critical moment just before a change occurs. It appears in literature, formal speeches, historical narratives, and elevated prose. The negative ~んともしない means 'does not even try to.'
Examples
- 敵軍は国境を越えんとしていた。 The enemy army was about to cross the border.
- 彼は真実を明らかにせんとして、あらゆる証拠を集めた。 He gathered every piece of evidence in an attempt to reveal the truth.
- 日が沈まんとする頃、ようやく山頂にたどり着いた。 Around the time the sun was about to set, we finally reached the summit.
Usage Guide
Context: written, literary, speeches
Tone: dramatic
Do Say
- 改革を成し遂げんとする彼の意志は揺るぎなかった。
- 嵐が去り、夜が明けんとしていた。
- 困難を乗り越えんとする姿勢こそが大切だ。
Don't Say
- 昼ご飯を食べんとする。(Using んとする for a trivial daily action — too literary) → 昼ご飯を食べようとしている。
- 駅に行かんとしている。(Using んとする for an ordinary, non-dramatic action) → 駅に行こうとしている。
Origin & History
んとする derives from the classical volitional auxiliary む (also written ん) combined with とする. む expressed intention, supposition, or volition in classical Japanese. The contraction to ん and its combination with とする has been preserved in literary modern Japanese.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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