年号

Japanese JLPT N1 Vocabulary Japanese ★★★★ 4/5 neutral ねんごうnengo
読み ねんごう
ローマ字 nengo
漢字の分解 年 (nen/toshi) — year; 号 (gou) — name, designation, title, number
発音 /nen.ɡoː/

意味

Era name; Japanese era designation. An official name given to a reign period in the traditional Japanese calendar system.

Japan's 元号 (gengo) system assigns a new era name with each new emperor's reign, making it a uniquely Japanese way of marking time. 年号 and 元号 are effectively synonymous in modern usage, though 元号 is the more formal term. Major era names include 明治, 大正, 昭和, 平成, and 令和. The announcement of a new era name is a major cultural and media event, and many official documents use 年号 alongside the Western calendar.

例文

  1. 新しい年号が発表された日、テレビ局は一日中特別番組を放送した。
  2. 履歴書に生年月日を書く際、年号で記すか西暦で記すか迷った。
  3. 昭和という年号は1926年から1989年まで使われ、激動の時代を象徴している。

使い方ガイド

場面: history, official documents, Japanese calendar, journalism

トーン: neutral

起源と歴史

Compound of 年 (year) + 号 (name, designation, title). The 元号 (gengo) system was adopted from China in the 7th century and has been used continuously in Japan since.

文化的背景

時代: 7th century–Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal

関連フレーズ

年度 Fiscal year; academic year; official year. A defined annual period used for administrative, educational, or financial purposes, often not aligned with the calendar year. 昭和 The Shōwa era; the imperial reign period of Emperor Hirohito, spanning 1926 to 1989. One of the longest and most historically eventful eras in Japanese history. 歴史的 Historic; historical. Describes something of great historical significance, or something related to history in general. 元号 Era name; the official name given to a reign period in the Japanese imperial system. Japan currently uses the era Reiwa, which began in 2019. 干支 The Chinese zodiac; the traditional sexagenary cycle combining the ten Heavenly Stems and twelve Earthly Branches. Also used colloquially to refer to one's zodiac animal sign. 年度末 End of the fiscal year or academic year; year-end in the Japanese administrative calendar. Typically refers to late March. 戦前 Pre-war; the period before a war. In Japanese, typically refers to Japan before World War II, particularly before 1937 or 1941. 戦後 Post-war; the period following a war. In Japanese, almost always refers specifically to the period after World War II (1945 onwards).
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