干支

Japanese JLPT N1 Vocabulary Japanese ★★★★ 4/5 neutral えとeto
読み えと
ローマ字 eto
漢字の分解 干 (kan/e) — heavenly stem, dry; 支 (shi/to) — earthly branch, support
発音 /e.to/

意味

The Chinese zodiac; the traditional sexagenary cycle combining the ten Heavenly Stems and twelve Earthly Branches. Also used colloquially to refer to one's zodiac animal sign.

Originally a 60-year cycle used in China and Japan for dates, directions, and divination, combining 十干 (Heavenly Stems) and 十二支 (Earthly Branches). In modern Japan, 干支 most commonly refers to the 12-animal zodiac cycle rather than the full 60-year system. Central to New Year's cards, age discussions, and traditional cultural contexts.

例文

  1. 今年の干支は何ですか、と年配の方に聞かれることがある。
  2. 干支でいうと、祖父と孫が同じ干支になることがある。
  3. 干支の計算は十干と十二支を組み合わせた複雑な体系だ。

使い方ガイド

場面: traditional culture, New Year, zodiac, calendar, daily conversation

トーン: neutral

起源と歴史

From Classical Chinese texts. 干 represents the ten Heavenly Stems and 支 represents the twelve Earthly Branches, forming the traditional East Asian calendrical cycle used since the Shang dynasty for recording time and divination.

文化的背景

時代: Classical

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal

関連フレーズ

年度 Fiscal year; academic year; official year. A defined annual period used for administrative, educational, or financial purposes, often not aligned with the calendar year. 昭和 The Shōwa era; the imperial reign period of Emperor Hirohito, spanning 1926 to 1989. One of the longest and most historically eventful eras in Japanese history. 歴史的 Historic; historical. Describes something of great historical significance, or something related to history in general. 元号 Era name; the official name given to a reign period in the Japanese imperial system. Japan currently uses the era Reiwa, which began in 2019. 年号 Era name; Japanese era designation. An official name given to a reign period in the traditional Japanese calendar system. 年度末 End of the fiscal year or academic year; year-end in the Japanese administrative calendar. Typically refers to late March. 戦前 Pre-war; the period before a war. In Japanese, typically refers to Japan before World War II, particularly before 1937 or 1941. 戦後 Post-war; the period following a war. In Japanese, almost always refers specifically to the period after World War II (1945 onwards).
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