有的放矢

• 拼音: yǒu dì fàng shǐ
• 汉字拆解: 有 = have/possess; 的 = target (白 white + 勺 ladle — bullseye); 放 = 攴 + 方 (strike + direction — to release); 矢 = arrow (pictograph)

含义

To shoot at a target; to act with clear purpose tailored to the specific situation. Describes targeted, purposeful action based on thorough understanding of concrete circumstances.

The opposite of 无的放矢 (shooting without a target; acting aimlessly). Used in contexts of education, management, communication, and policy-making to emphasize tailoring approaches to specific circumstances rather than applying generic solutions. Closely associated with Mao Zedong's philosophy of applying theory to Chinese conditions.

例句

1. 优秀教师要了解每个学生的问题，才能有的放矢地制定辅导方案。
2. 团队先细致分析目标用户，才能有的放矢地精准触达真正有购买意愿的人。
3. 纪录片表明，只有查清每个贫困村和家庭的不同原因，才能有的放矢地帮扶。

用法指南

语境: management, education, policy, communication

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 领导干部开展批评与自我批评时要有的放矢，避免空话套话，也别借机攻击。(Leading cadres should be targeted and purposeful when conducting criticism and self-criticism, avoiding empty rhetoric and opportunistic attacks.)
• 解决青少年心理健康问题，要有的放矢地制定分层干预方案，不能一刀切。(To solve adolescent mental health problems, we should design layered intervention plans in a targeted way, not use a one-size-fits-all approach.)

错误说法

• 有的放矢地去超市买东西 — 有的放矢 is reserved for strategic, analytical, or educational contexts involving complex problem-solving; use 有备而去 or 列好购物清单 for practical everyday planning

起源与历史

有的 (having a target — 有 possess + 的 target/bullseye) + 放矢 (to release an arrow — 放 release + 矢 arrow). Literally: to shoot an arrow at a clear target. Metaphorically: to act with precise purpose.

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal