艰苦

• 拼音: jiān kǔ
• 汉字拆解: 艰 = 艮 (stubborn) + 难 component, meaning difficult; 苦 = 艹 (grass) + 古 (old), meaning bitter

含义

Arduous; difficult; hard. Involving severe hardship or difficulty.

Describes difficult conditions or hard work, especially involving physical hardship. Often used for working conditions, environments, or life circumstances. Carries a tone of endurance and perseverance.

例句

1. 老一辈人在艰苦的环境中奋斗，才有了我们今天的幸福生活。
2. 边疆地区条件艰苦，但志愿者们依然坚守岗位。
3. 艰苦的训练让运动员们具备了顽强的意志。

用法指南

语境: history, work, motivation, descriptions

语气: serious

正确说法

• 那是一段艰苦的岁月。(Those were arduous years.)
• 艰苦奋斗是成功的关键。(Hard struggle is the key to success.)

错误说法

• 这道数学题很艰苦 (For academic difficulty, use 难 or 困难 — 艰苦 implies physical/material hardship)

起源与历史

Compound of 艰 (difficult) + 苦 (bitter, hard), meaning bitter hardship.

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal