官僚主义

• 병음: guān liáo zhǔ yì
• 한자 분석: 官僚 (bureaucrat) + 主 = 丶 + 王 (master/principal) + 义 = 羊 + 我 (righteousness/principle)

뜻

관료주의; 관료적 행태

A major target of political campaigns in China since the Mao era. Characterised by excessive formalism, buck-passing, detachment from grassroots reality, and resistance to change. Frequently cited in official speeches and Party documents as a problem to be eradicated.

예문

1. 官僚主义作风严重脱离群众，是影响政府公信力的顽疾。
2. 领导层多次强调，要坚决反对形式主义和官僚主义。
3. 推进数字化政务的初衷之一，就是从制度上减少官僚主义滋生的空间。

사용 가이드

맥락: politics, governance, reform

어조: critical

올바른 표현

• 整治官僚主义需要从制度和文化两方面同时入手。(Addressing bureaucratism requires simultaneous efforts on both institutional and cultural fronts.)
• 基层干部反映，官僚主义作风让很多惠民政策难以落地。(Grassroots officials report that bureaucratic work styles make it difficult for many pro-people policies to be implemented.)

피해야 할 표현

• 他的官僚主义让我很烦 — in casual speech, use 官僚作风 or 繁文缛节 (red tape); 官僚主义 is a formal political term

기원과 역사

官僚 (bureaucrat) + 主义 (-ism). A calque drawing from Western political terminology, widely adopted in Chinese political discourse during the 20th century.

문화적 배경

시대: Modern China

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal