控え

• Reading: ひかえ
• Romaji: hikae
• Kanji breakdown: 控 (hikae) — restrain, reserve, note down
• Pronunciation: /hi.ka.e/

Meaning

A reserve copy; a spare; a backup document or person kept on standby.

A noun derived from the verb 控える (to refrain/hold back/note down). Has several related meanings: (1) a duplicate or copy kept for records (receipt copy, contract copy); (2) a reserve or substitute player in sports; (3) a waiting area (控え室). Context determines which meaning applies. Very practical in business and daily life.

Examples

1. 領収書の控えは必ず保管してください。 Please make sure to keep your copy of the receipt.
2. レギュラーになれず控えとしてベンチにいた。 I couldn't make the starting lineup and sat on the bench as a reserve.
3. 契約書の控えを一部お渡しします。 I'll provide you with one copy of the contract for your records.

Usage Guide

Context: business, sports, administration, daily life

Tone: practical

Origin & History

Noun form of native Japanese verb 控える (hikaeru, to hold back/refrain/note down). The sense of keeping a copy derives from the practice of noting down or reserving a duplicate for reference.

Cultural Context

Era: Classical

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal