浸透膜

• Reading: しんとうまく
• Romaji: shintomaku
• Kanji breakdown: 浸 (shin) — soak | 透 (to) — penetrate | 膜 (maku) — membrane
• Pronunciation: /ɕin.to.ɯ.ma.kɯ/

Meaning

Semipermeable membrane; osmotic membrane. A thin barrier that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Used in biology (cell membranes), chemistry (laboratory filtration), and water treatment engineering (reverse osmosis). 半透膜 (hantoumaku) is a synonym frequently used in older texts. Key applications include desalination plants (海水淡水化) and kidney dialysis machines (人工透析).

Examples

1. 浸透膜を用いた海水淡水化技術は、水資源の乏しい地域で広く活用されている。 Seawater desalination technology using osmotic membranes is widely used in regions with scarce water resources.
2. 半透性の浸透膜は特定の分子だけを通過させ、不純物を取り除く役割を持つ。 A semipermeable osmotic membrane allows only specific molecules to pass through, removing impurities.
3. 細胞膜は選択的な浸透膜として機能し、物質の出入りを精密に制御している。 The cell membrane functions as a selective osmotic membrane, precisely controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Usage Guide

Context: biology, chemistry, water treatment, engineering

Tone: technical

Origin & History

Compound of 浸透 (shinto, osmosis) and 膜 (maku, membrane). Parallels the structure of 半透膜 (semipermeable membrane), with 浸透 emphasising the osmotic function.

Cultural Context

Era: Modern

Generation: Researchers and engineers

Social background: Academic and technical