摩擦

• Reading: まさつ
• Romaji: masatsu
• Kanji breakdown: 摩 (ma) — rub, grind; 擦 (satsu) — scrape, abrade, rub
• Pronunciation: /ma.sa.tsɯ/

Meaning

Friction; rubbing; resistance between surfaces in contact. Also used figuratively for conflict, tension, or discord between people or groups.

In physics, 摩擦力 (frictional force) opposes relative motion between surfaces and is essential for traction, braking, and mechanical systems. Static friction (静止摩擦) prevents movement; kinetic friction (動摩擦) acts during motion. The figurative use — interpersonal or organisational friction — is equally common in business and social contexts, making this term versatile across scientific and everyday registers.

Examples

1. 車輪と路面の間の摩擦がなければ、自動車は前進することも停止することもできない。 Without friction between the wheels and the road surface, a car could neither move forward nor stop.
2. 摩擦係数が低い素材を使用することで、機械の効率が大幅に向上した。 Using materials with a low coefficient of friction significantly improved the efficiency of the machine.
3. 両者の意見の違いが摩擦を生み、プロジェクトの進行が遅れた。 The difference in opinion between the two parties created friction, slowing the progress of the project.

Usage Guide

Context: physics, engineering, business, social relations

Tone: neutral

Origin & History

From Classical Chinese. 摩 means to rub or grind, and 擦 means to scrape or abrade. Both characters share the physical action of surfaces moving against each other.

Cultural Context

Era: Classical–Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal