社会保障

• Reading: しゃかいほしょう
• Romaji: shakai hoshō
• Kanji breakdown: 社会 (shakai) — society; 保 (ho) — protect, guarantee; 障 (shō) — hinder, security
• Pronunciation: /ɕa.ka.i.ho.ɕoː/

Meaning

Social security; social welfare. The system of government programmes providing economic support for citizens in need.

A noun referring to the comprehensive system of public programmes — including pension, healthcare, unemployment insurance, and welfare — that protect citizens from economic hardship. In Japan, 社会保障 is administered through a combination of national insurance systems (国民健康保険, 厚生年金) and local welfare services. Debates about its sustainability amid an ageing population are a central political issue.

Examples

1. 少子高齢化が進むにつれ、社会保障費の増大が深刻な問題となっている。 As the declining birthrate and aging population progress, the rising cost of social security has become a serious problem.
2. 充実した社会保障があれば、人々は失業を恐れずに挑戦できる。 With a robust social security system, people can take on challenges without fearing unemployment.
3. 社会保障の見直しをめぐり、与野党の議論が続いている。 Debate between the ruling and opposition parties continues over the reform of social security.

Usage Guide

Context: welfare policy, politics, economics, public administration

Tone: formal

Origin & History

From 社会 (shakai) meaning 'society' and 保障 (hoshō) meaning 'guarantee or security.' A post-war administrative term modelled on the concept of social security introduced in Western nations.

Cultural Context

Era: Post-war–Modern

Generation: Adults

Social background: All classes