する (cost or duration)
Meaning
する is used to express how much something costs or how long something takes. The amount or duration is typically marked with が, and する indicates the price or time required. This is an idiomatic use distinct from the action-performing する.
When expressing cost, the pattern is Thing + は + Amount + する: このカバンは三万円する (This bag costs 30,000 yen). For duration, it indicates time needed: 駅まで十分する would be less natural; instead, かかる is more common for pure duration, but する appears in expressions like 三年もする (as long as three years pass) or when describing how much time has elapsed. The cost usage is extremely common in daily conversation and is often preferred over the more formal かかる or 値段がある. Learners should note that this する does not take を — the amount takes が or is stated directly. In casual speech, this is one of the most natural ways to discuss prices: いくらする? (How much does it cost?).
Examples
- このスマホは十万円する。 This smartphone costs 100,000 yen.
- そのコートは五万円もします。 That coat costs as much as 50,000 yen.
- この時計は百万円以上する。 This watch costs over 1,000,000 yen.
Usage Guide
Context: spoken, written, everyday
Tone: descriptive
Do Say
- この靴は二万円する。
- あのレストランのランチは千五百円します。
- その指輪はいくらしますか。
Don't Say
- このカバンは三万円をする。(Adding を before する for cost — amounts do not take を in this pattern) → このカバンは三万円する。
- この本は千円がある。(Using がある for price — use する to express cost, not ある) → この本は千円する。
Origin & History
The cost and duration meanings of する emerged from the verb's broad semantic range of 'to be in a state' or 'to amount to.' This usage became common in the Edo period as monetary transactions became part of everyday life.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Related Phrases
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