お~になる (honorific action)
Meaning
An honorific expression used to describe the actions of someone the speaker respects, such as a superior, teacher, or customer. It elevates the other person's action to show respect.
お~になる is one of the most productive honorific (尊敬語) patterns in Japanese. It is used when the speaker describes an action performed by someone of higher social standing. Unlike お~する which lowers the speaker, お~になる raises the status of the person being talked about. This pattern is essential in business Japanese, formal interviews, and service contexts. It applies to native Japanese verb stems; for Sino-Japanese words, ご~になる is used (e.g. ご覧になる). Some verbs already have dedicated honorific forms (いらっしゃる for いる/行く/来る, 召し上がる for 食べる/飲む), which are preferred over お~になる in those cases.
Examples
- 社長はもうお帰りになりました。 The company president has already gone home.
- 先生はこの本をお読みになりましたか。 Did the teacher read this book?
- お客様がお待ちになっています。 The customer is waiting.
Usage Guide
Context: spoken, written, business
Tone: respectful
Do Say
- 先生はもうお着きになりましたか。
- 課長がその書類をお書きになりました。
- お客様はもうお選びになりましたか。
Don't Say
- 私はお帰りになりました。(Using お~になる for your own action — this pattern is only for others' actions; use お~する for yourself) → 私は帰りました。
- 友達がお食べになりました。(食べる has a dedicated honorific form 召し上がる — use 召し上がった for respected persons) → 先生が召し上がりました。
Origin & History
Developed alongside お~する as part of the Muromachi-era keigo system. The combination of the honorific prefix お with なる (to become) frames the respected person's action as a natural, elevated occurrence.
Cultural Context
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Related Phrases
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