辞世

Japanese JLPT N1 Vocabulary Japanese ★★ 2/5 neutral じせいjisei
読み じせい
ローマ字 jisei
漢字の分解 辞 (ji) — farewell, to take leave; 世 (sei) — world, this life
発音 /dʑi.seː/

意味

Farewell to the world; death poem; a verse or statement composed in the final moments of life.

A uniquely Japanese literary practice of composing a short poem — typically a waka or haiku — at the point of death, expressing one's parting thoughts and acceptance of mortality. Rooted in Buddhist and Shinto attitudes toward death and transience. Famous practitioners include Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Matsuo Bashō, all of whom left celebrated 辞世の句.

例文

  1. 戦国武将の辞世の句には、死を前にした武人の覚悟と美意識が凝縮されている。
  2. 辞世を詠む習慣は平安時代から続き、日本独自の死生観を反映している。
  3. 芭蕉が臨終に際して詠んだ辞世は、今も多くの人に愛誦されている。

使い方ガイド

場面: classical poetry, death culture, martial history

トーン: solemn

起源と歴史

Compound of 辞 (ji, farewell/to take leave) and 世 (sei, world/this life). The practice of composing farewell verse has roots in the Heian period and intensified in the warrior culture of the medieval era, where the manner of one's death was considered as important as one's life.

文化的背景

時代: Medieval–Modern

世代: Adults

社会的背景: Educated

関連フレーズ

仮名 Kana; the Japanese phonetic syllabary comprising hiragana and katakana, developed from simplified Chinese characters. 侘び寂び Wabi-sabi; a Japanese aesthetic that finds beauty in imperfection, incompleteness, and transience. An appreciation for the humble, weathered, and irregular. 俳句 Haiku; a traditional Japanese poem of 17 syllables in three lines (5-7-5), typically evoking nature, a season, and a single vivid moment. 入門 Introduction; a primer or entry into a field of study. Also: the formal act of becoming a disciple under a master in a traditional art. 和歌 Waka; traditional Japanese poetry, particularly the tanka form with a 5-7-5-7-7 syllable structure. The classical poetic tradition of Japan as distinguished from Chinese verse. 和紙 Washi; traditional handmade Japanese paper crafted from plant fibres such as kozo (mulberry). A material central to Japanese literary, artistic, and cultural heritage. 四字熟語 A four-character idiom; a compound of four kanji forming a fixed idiomatic expression, often of Chinese origin. Known in English as yojijukugo. 常用漢字 Jōyō kanji; the official list of commonly used Chinese characters in contemporary Japanese.
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