Essential Verbs

概要

この章では「Essential Verbs」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N1 Vocabulary (399)

1. 締め出す しめだす To shut out; to lock out; to exclude. To bar someone from entering or participating by closing off access.
2. しゃしゃり出る しゃしゃりでる To intrude; to butt in; to push oneself forward uninvited. To step into a situation where one is not needed or wanted.
3. しゃぶる しゃぶる To suck; to lick; to suck on. To place something in the mouth and draw on it with the lips or tongue.
4. 逡巡する しゅんじゅんする To hesitate; to vacillate; to waver. To be unable to make up one's mind due to uncertainty, fear, or conflicting feelings.
5. 嘱する しょくする To entrust; to commission; to request. To formally charge or commission someone with a task or responsibility.
6. 斟酌する しんしゃくする To take into consideration; to make allowance for; to temper. To carefully weigh circumstances before acting or judging.
7. 蹂躙する じゅうりんする To trample; to violate; to ravage. To crush or override ruthlessly, especially rights, territory, or people.
8. 据え置く すえおく To leave as is; to defer; to maintain (a rate or price). To keep something in its current state without change.
9. すくい上げる すくいあげる To scoop up; to rescue; to pick up. To lift something out of a lower position, physically or figuratively.
10. 荒む すさむ To become rough; to become desolate; to deteriorate. To grow wild, coarse, or morally degraded over time.
11. すっぽかす すっぽかす To stand someone up; to skip; to miss on purpose. To fail to keep an appointment or obligation without warning.
12. 窄まる すぼまる To narrow; to contract; to taper. To become smaller or more restricted in width or opening.
13. 窄める すぼめる To narrow; to contract; to pucker; to close. To make something smaller in width or opening.
14. 住み着く すみつく To settle down; to take up residence. To establish oneself in a place and remain there long-term.
15. 擦り合わせる すりあわせる To coordinate; to align; to reconcile; to rub together. To compare and adjust two things until they match or mesh smoothly.
16. 刷り込む すりこむ To imprint; to impress upon; to ingrain. To fix something deeply in the mind through repeated exposure or conditioning.
17. 擦り減る すりへる To wear down; to be worn away; to be eroded. To become thinner or smaller through sustained friction or use.
18. 擦り寄る すりよる To sidle up to; to cosy up to; to ingratiate oneself. To move close to someone in a fawning or self-serving manner.
19. 背負い込む せおいこむ To take on; to shoulder; to burden oneself with. To voluntarily or involuntarily assume a heavy responsibility or obligation.
20. 塞き止める せきとめる To dam up; to block; to hold back; to stem. To stop the flow of something by placing an obstruction.
21. 迫る せまる To approach; to draw near; to press; to urge. To come close threateningly or urgently, or to demand something insistently.
22. 攻め入る せめいる To invade; to attack; to charge into. To enter enemy territory or a place aggressively in an offensive manoeuvre.
23. 削ぎ落とす そぎおとす To strip away; to pare down; to cut off. To remove unnecessary parts by slicing until only the essential remains.
24. 削ぐ そぐ To chip; to whittle; to dampen; to reduce. To shave away material or diminish the force, enthusiasm, or scale of something.
25. 備わる そなわる To be endowed with; to be equipped with; to possess naturally. To have a quality, ability, or feature as an inherent attribute.
26. 聳え立つ そびえたつ To tower; to rise high above the surroundings; to soar imposingly into the sky.
27. 聳える そびえる To tower; to soar; to rise high above the surroundings.
28. たかる たかる To swarm; to mob; to extort money; to sponge off someone; to cadge.
29. 焚き付ける たきつける To incite; to stir up; to instigate; to kindle a fire or strong emotion in someone.
30. 手繰り寄せる たぐりよせる To pull in hand over hand; to draw toward oneself; to reel in.
31. 嗜む たしなむ To have a taste for; to enjoy as a pastime; to be versed in an art or accomplishment; to be temperate and restrained.
32. 窘める たしなめる To admonish gently; to rebuke; to reprove someone for a fault or improper behaviour.
33. 携える たずさえる To carry with one; to take along; to bring; to go together with someone.
34. 叩き上げる たたきあげる To work one's way up from the bottom; to build up from nothing through hard effort.
35. 佇まう たたずまう To stand quietly in one place; to linger; to loiter; to remain still.
36. 畳み掛ける たたみかける To press hard in rapid succession; to follow up relentlessly; to pile on without letting up.
37. 正す ただす To correct; to set right; to reform; to straighten; to inquire formally.
38. 立ち入る たちいる To enter; to trespass; to step into; to go into detail; to pry into private matters.
39. 立ち遅れる たちおくれる To fall behind; to lag; to be slow to start; to be late in getting going.
40. 立ち返る たちかえる To return to; to go back to the beginning; to revert to a fundamental principle or starting point.
41. 断ち切る たちきる To cut off; to sever completely; to break off ties or a habit; to put an end to.
42. 立ち直る たちなおる To recover; to bounce back; to get back on one's feet after a setback or difficulty.
43. 立ちはだかる たちはだかる To stand in the way; to block the path; to obstruct; to confront as an obstacle.
44. 立ち塞がる たちふさがる To stand in the way; to block; to obstruct a path or passage.
45. 立て籠もる たてこもる To barricade oneself in; to hole up; to shut oneself in and refuse to come out.
46. 立て直す たてなおす To rebuild; to reconstruct; to restore to a proper state; to reorganise.
47. 辿る たどる To trace; to follow a path; to pursue; to go along; to arrive at after a long journey.
48. 頼み込む たのみこむ To plead with; to beg earnestly; to implore; to press someone with an urgent request.
49. 恃む たのむ To rely on; to count on; to place confidence in; to trust in as a source of strength.
50. 躊躇う ためらう To hesitate; to waver; to falter; to be unable to act decisively.
51. 足る たる To be sufficient; to be worth; to deserve. Asserts that something meets a required standard or merits consideration.
52. 抱き込む だきこむ To win someone over to one's side; to co-opt or recruit; to bring into one's inner circle, often through persuasion or inducement.
53. 出し抜く だしぬく To outmanoeuvre someone; to steal a march on a rival; to get the better of someone by acting before they can respond.
54. ちやほやする ちやほやする To pamper; to fawn over; to flatter someone excessively; to treat with hollow indulgence.
55. 凋落する ちょうらくする To decline; to wither; to fall into decay. Describes the gradual deterioration of power, prestige, or vitality.
56. 散りばめる ちりばめる To stud with; to set (gems); to scatter; to intersperse elements throughout something.
57. つかみ取る つかみとる To grab; to seize; to grasp firmly; to take hold of something with determination and effort.
58. 突き進む つきすすむ To push forward relentlessly; to press on; to advance through obstacles without hesitation.
59. 突き付ける つきつける To thrust before someone; to present something suddenly and forcefully; to confront someone with a fact or demand they cannot evade.
60. 突き詰める つきつめる To investigate thoroughly; to think something through to its logical conclusion; to push a question to its ultimate depth.
61. 突き放す つきはなす To push away; to reject with force; to leave someone to fend for themselves; to maintain cold emotional distance.
62. 突き破る つきやぶる To break through; to pierce; to tear through; to overcome a barrier by force.
63. 繕う つくろう To mend; to repair; to patch up; to smooth over a situation; to maintain appearances.
64. 突っ走る つっぱしる To dash; to rush headlong; to go full speed without regard for consequences.
65. 突っ撥ねる つっぱねる To flatly refuse; to reject outright; to brush off without consideration; to rebuff curtly.
66. 綴る つづる To spell out; to write; to compose; to put words or pages together with care.
67. つなぎ止める つなぎとめる To tie down; to keep in place; to retain; to hold on to something or someone so they do not drift away.
68. つねる つねる To pinch; to nip the skin between the fingers; to tweak.
69. つまびらかにする つまびらかにする To make something clear; to clarify; to elucidate; to explain in full and thorough detail.
70. 紡ぐ つむぐ To spin (thread); to weave a narrative; to create something with patience and continuity.
71. 詰め寄る つめよる To press someone hard; to close in on; to demand answers aggressively; to corner someone with questions or accusations.
72. 貫き通す つらぬきとおす To carry through to the end; to stick with one's position or resolve without wavering; to persist with to the very last.
73. 連ねる つらねる To line up; to list in sequence; to string together; to arrange in a row or series.
74. 呈す ていす To present; to display; to show; to offer. A formal and concise verb for exhibiting a quality or formally submitting something.
75. 呈する ていする To present; to show; to display; to exhibit a quality or state. The standard modern suru-verb form for formal exhibition.
76. 手懐ける てなずける To tame; to domesticate; to win someone over. Describes bringing a creature or person under one's influence through patient effort.
77. 手放す てばなす To release; to let go of; to part with; to sell. Implies relinquishing something one held or owned.
78. 照らし合わせる てらしあわせる To compare; to cross-reference; to check one thing against another. Used when verifying accuracy by examining two sources side by side.
79. 手を拱く てをこまねく To fold one's arms; to stand by idle; to do nothing in a situation that demands action.
80. 手を染める てをそめる To begin something; to get involved in; to take up an activity — often one that is risky, unsavoury, or a significant new venture.
81. 出くわす でくわす To run into; to come across unexpectedly; to encounter by chance.
82. 問いかける といかける To question; to pose a question to; to address with a query — often directed at the conscience, society, or a specific person.
83. 問い糺す といただす To question closely; to interrogate strictly; to examine by persistent inquiry.
84. 問い直す といなおす To reexamine; to ask again; to reconsider from the ground up.
85. 通り越す とおりこす To go past; to overshoot; to go beyond a target point — physically or metaphorically.
86. 解き放つ ときはなつ To set free; to release; to unleash. Implies liberating something that was bound, confined, or suppressed.
87. 研ぎ澄ます とぎすます To sharpen to a fine edge; to hone; to heighten one's senses or faculties to peak acuity.
88. 研ぐ とぐ To sharpen; to grind; to whet; to polish; to wash (rice). A versatile verb covering the physical act of honing or cleaning by friction.
89. 溶け合う とけあう To melt together; to blend; to merge harmoniously; to fuse into one.
90. 溶け込む とけこむ To blend in; to merge into; to dissolve into — a group, an environment, or a substance.
91. 嫁ぐ とつぐ To marry into (a family); to be given in marriage; to wed — used exclusively of a woman marrying.
92. 留める とどめる To stop; to keep in place; to confine; to limit; to retain. Implies preventing movement or change.
93. 灯す ともす To light; to ignite; to kindle a light or flame.
94. 取り組む とりくむ To tackle; to grapple with; to work seriously on a task or challenge.
95. 取り沙汰する とりざたする To gossip about; to rumour; to be talked about widely — often without confirmed fact.
96. 取り仕切る とりしきる To manage; to take full charge of; to oversee and run entirely.
97. 取り繕う とりつくろう To keep up appearances; to make a superficial repair; to gloss over or patch up a situation.
98. 取り巻く とりまく To surround; to encircle; to gather around. Used for physical encirclement and for describing the environment or people around someone.
99. 取り戻す とりもどす To take back; to regain; to recover something lost.
100. 取り止める とりやめる To cancel; to call off; to abandon a plan or action that was in progress.
101. 仰ぐ あおぐ To look up at; to revere or respect; to ask for (guidance or instructions). A versatile verb covering both physical and metaphorical senses.
102. 煽る あおる To fan (a flame); to incite or instigate; to stir up emotions or a crowd. Implies provocation or agitation.
103. 明かす あかす To reveal or disclose (a secret, truth, or identity); to spend or pass (the night). Two distinct but common usages.
104. 明け渡す あけわたす To hand over; to surrender (territory or a position); to vacate (a property). Implies relinquishing control or possession.
105. 漁る あさる To search through; to rummage; to forage or fish for. Implies an active, sometimes frantic search through a collection of things.
106. 嘲る あざける To mock; to ridicule; to jeer at; to scoff at. Implies contemptuous derision directed at a person or their actions.
107. 仇を返す あだをかえす To return evil for good; to repay a kindness with harm; to retaliate against a benefactor. A strongly negative set phrase.
108. 暴れ回る あばれまわる To rampage; to run amok; to act violently while moving around. Suggests wide-ranging, uncontrolled violent behaviour.
109. 浴びせる あびせる To pour or shower something onto someone; to heap (criticism, praise, or abuse) upon a person. Used both literally and figuratively.
110. 溢れ出す あふれだす To overflow and gush out; to spill over; to well up and pour forth. Suggests a sudden or uncontrolled release of something that had accum...
111. 炙り出す あぶりだす To bring to light; to expose; to reveal something hidden (originally by applying heat, as with invisible ink). The figurative sense is pr...
112. 炙る あぶる To roast, grill, or toast over a flame; to warm by a fire. Refers specifically to cooking or heating by direct exposure to fire or heat.
113. 余す あます To leave over; to have remaining; to spare. Often used in the set phrase 余すところなく (thoroughly, without leaving anything out).
114. 甘んじる あまんじる To content oneself with; to resign oneself to; to accept (something undesirable) without complaint. Implies passive acceptance of an unsa...
115. 歩み寄る あゆみよる To approach; to make concessions; to compromise; to meet someone halfway. Implies a deliberate move toward agreement or reconciliation.
116. 抗う あらがう To resist; to oppose; to defy. Implies actively struggling against a force, authority, or inevitable circumstance.
117. 改める あらためる To change; to reform; to revise; to renew. Implies deliberate correction or improvement of something that was inadequate or incorrect.
118. 言い含める いいふくめる To give careful private instructions; to caution someone beforehand; to tell someone what to do or not do in no uncertain terms.
119. 言い渡す いいわたす To pronounce; to hand down (a verdict or sentence); to formally notify someone of a decision. Used in legal, medical, and institutional c...
120. 行き詰まる いきづまる To reach a deadlock; to come to a standstill; to be stuck with no way forward. Describes a situation where progress has become impossible.
121. 行き届く いきとどく To be thorough; to be meticulous; to be attentive and complete in every detail. Often used to describe service, care, or oversight that r...
122. いきり立つ いきりたつ To get worked up; to fly into a rage; to bristle with anger or excitement. Describes a sudden surge of intense emotion, typically anger.
123. 萎縮する いしゅくする To shrink; to cower; to become inhibited or intimidated. Describes the physical and psychological contraction caused by fear, pressure, o...
124. いじける いじける To become timid or withdrawn; to sulk; to cower; to develop a warped or twisted personality due to harsh treatment.
125. 弄る いじる To fiddle with; to tamper with; to tinker or play around with something. Often implies casual, unsystematic, or unauthorised manipulation.
126. 萎える なえる To wilt; to wither; to lose energy or vitality; to become limp or feeble. Used both for plants and for human motivation, spirit, or limbs.
127. なし崩す なしくずす To do something bit by bit; to erode gradually; to whittle away at a rule, principle, or situation until it collapses.
128. 成し遂げる なしとげる To accomplish; to achieve; to fulfil a difficult goal or mission through sustained effort.
129. 馴染む なじむ To become familiar with; to fit in naturally; to blend into a new environment, group, or material.
130. なだめる なだめる To soothe; to calm down; to pacify an upset or agitated person; to appease someone's anger or distress.
131. 懐く なつく To become attached to; to take a liking to; to become tame or friendly toward a person. Used primarily of animals and children.
132. 悩ませる なやませる To trouble; to torment; to perplex or vex someone; to cause distress or worry.
133. 鳴り響く なりひびく To resound; to reverberate; to ring out powerfully and fill a space with sound.
134. 匂わせる におわせる To suggest; to hint at; to imply something without stating it directly; to give a whiff of.
135. 濁す にごす To make muddy or turbid; to obscure; to be deliberately evasive or ambiguous in speech.
136. 睨む にらむ To glare at; to stare hard at; to fix with an intimidating gaze; to suspect or have an eye on someone.
137. 抜きん出る ぬきんでる To excel; to stand out conspicuously; to surpass others by a clear margin.
138. 拭う ぬぐう To wipe; to mop up; to dispel or remove something undesirable such as a stain, tears, or a negative reputation.
139. 塗り替える ぬりかえる To repaint; to rewrite or break a record; to fundamentally transform or overturn an existing state.
140. 根ざす ねざす To be rooted in; to be grounded in; to originate from or have its foundation in something.
141. 根付く ねづく To take root; to become established; to settle in and become a permanent part of something.
142. 狙い撃つ ねらいうつ To take deliberate aim and shoot; to target someone or something selectively and intentionally.
143. 練り上げる ねりあげる To work up thoroughly; to refine and perfect through repeated revision; to elaborate into a polished, complete form.
144. 練り歩く ねりあるく To march; to parade; to walk in procession through the streets, often as part of a celebration or ceremony.
145. のさばる のさばる To act arrogantly; to dominate and behave without restraint; to run rampant; to spread unchecked.
146. 覗き見る のぞきみる To peek at; to spy on; to steal a glance at something one is not supposed to see.
147. 呑み込む のみこむ To swallow; to understand or grasp quickly; to suppress or hold back (emotions, words).
148. 乗り越える のりこえる To overcome; to surmount; to get over a difficulty, obstacle, or painful experience.
149. 乗り出す のりだす To set out on; to embark on a new venture; to lean forward eagerly; to step in and take action.
150. 居座る いすわる To remain; to stay put; to refuse to leave. Describes stubbornly occupying a place or position and refusing to vacate it.
151. 逸する いっする To miss; to let slip; to deviate from; to be lost. Describes failing to seize an opportunity or straying from an expected norm.
152. 慈しむ いつくしむ To love; to cherish; to show compassion. Implies tender, nurturing affection directed toward the vulnerable or precious.
153. 偽る いつわる To lie; to deceive; to falsify; to pretend. Covers deliberate misrepresentation of facts, identity, feelings, or intent.
154. 厭う いとう To dislike; to hate; to be reluctant to do. Suggests a deep aversion or unwillingness, often tinged with weariness or moral distaste.
155. 戒める いましめる To warn; to admonish; to caution. Also means to punish or restrain as a corrective measure. Used when someone in authority corrects or ca...
156. 忌み嫌う いみきらう To detest; to loathe; to abhor. A strong expression of intense hatred or aversion, often rooted in deep disgust or a sense of taboo.
157. 嫌がる いやがる To dislike; to be reluctant; to be unwilling. Shows visible or expressed resistance or aversion to a task, person, or situation.
158. 色めく いろめく To become agitated; to stir with excitement; to be roused. Describes a sudden shift in atmosphere when something unexpected or provocativ...
159. 植え付ける うえつける To implant; to instil; to embed. Used for embedding ideas, values, fears, or beliefs into a person's mind, often with lasting effect.
160. 窺い知る うかがいしる To perceive; to get a glimpse of; to infer from clues. Suggests detecting something hidden by reading between the lines or through carefu...
161. 蠢く うごめく To wriggle; to squirm; to stir with small movements. Evokes something alive and moving in an unsettling, restless, or barely perceptible ...
162. 嘯く うそぶく To feign ignorance; to brag brazenly; to whistle or howl. In modern usage, primarily means to speak with cool arrogance or to make a braz...
163. 打ち砕く うちくだく To smash; to shatter; to crush completely. Used both literally for breaking objects and figuratively for destroying hopes, barriers, or o...
164. 打ち立てる うちたてる To establish; to set up; to achieve. Carries a sense of founding something new or breaking a record with lasting permanence.
165. 打ちのめす うちのめす To knock down; to defeat thoroughly; to crush utterly. Implies overwhelming someone physically or emotionally, leaving no room for recovery.
166. 腕を振るう うでをふるう To display one's skill; to show what one can do; to demonstrate one's abilities to the fullest.
167. 埋め合わせる うめあわせる To make up for; to compensate; to offset. Used when trying to balance out a loss, mistake, or shortcoming with something positive.
168. 潤す うるおす To moisten; to enrich; to benefit. Covers both literal moistening of dry land or a parched throat, and figurative enrichment of the spiri...
169. 憂う うれう To grieve; to lament; to be worried about. A literary and elevated word expressing deep concern, sorrow, or anxiety — often about societa...
170. 追い打ちをかける おいうちをかける To deal a further blow; to add insult to injury; to pile on when someone is already down.
171. 覆い被さる おおいかぶさる To cover; to hang over; to loom over. Describes something large or heavy draping over or enveloping something else — physically or atmosp...
172. 仰せつかる おおせつかる To be ordered; to receive a command from a superior. A humble expression used when one has been assigned an important duty by someone of ...
173. 押し付けがましい おしつけがましい Pushy; imposing; presumptuous. Describes behaviour that forces one's views, help, or will on others without regard for their feelings or ...
174. 押し通す おしとおす To force through; to push through; to persist with one's course despite opposition. Conveys determination and stubbornness in maintaining...
175. 呪う のろう To curse; to put a hex on; to damn someone or something. Expresses intense ill-will directed at another.
176. 剥がす はがす To peel off; to strip; to remove a surface layer. Used when physically detaching something that is adhered or attached.
177. 剥がれる はがれる To peel off; to come off; to flake off. The intransitive counterpart of 剥がす — the subject detaches on its own.
178. 弾き出す はじきだす To flick out; to calculate and produce a figure; to exclude someone. Has distinct physical, computational, and social senses.
179. 弾む はずむ To bounce; to be lively; to be in high spirits. Describes both physical rebounding and emotional buoyancy.
180. 馳せる はせる To run swiftly; to let one's thoughts or feelings fly toward something distant. The figurative sense dominates modern usage.
181. 果たす はたす To fulfil; to accomplish; to carry out completely. Implies seeing something important through to its conclusion.
182. 働きかける はたらきかける To appeal to; to approach; to work on someone; to make overtures. Implies active, purposeful effort to influence or persuade.
183. 跳ね返す はねかえす To bounce back; to repel; to deflect; to reject forcefully. Used for both physical bouncing and figurative resistance.
184. 跳ね除ける はねのける To brush aside; to push away decisively; to reject with vigour. Implies a swift, emphatic removal of an obstacle.
185. 憚る はばかる To hesitate; to refrain out of deference; to have scruples; to be afraid of causing offence. Used when social or moral considerations cau...
186. 蔓延る はびこる To spread unchecked; to flourish excessively; to run rampant; to be pervasive. Used for negative phenomena spreading beyond control.
187. はまる はまる To fit perfectly; to fall into; to become absorbed in; to be hooked on. Covers both physical fitting and habitual absorption.
188. はみ出す はみだす To protrude; to stick out beyond a boundary; to overflow; to deviate from expected norms.
189. はめる はめる To put on; to fit into place; to insert; to trick or set someone up. Has both practical and deceptive meanings.
190. はらむ はらむ To be pregnant; to harbour; to contain latent risk or potential. The figurative sense is dominant in formal writing.
191. 張り付く はりつく To stick to; to cling; to adhere tenaciously; to be glued to a spot. Used for physical clinging and metaphorical fixation.
192. 張り巡らす はりめぐらす To stretch around; to set up extensively throughout an area; to deploy a network; to lay something out comprehensively.
193. 膝を打つ ひざをうつ To slap one's knee in sudden realization; to be struck with admiration; to exclaim 'that's it!' at a brilliant idea.
194. 膝を交える ひざをまじえる To sit together closely; to have a frank, intimate conversation; to consult face-to-face with full attention.
195. 引っ込む ひっこむ To withdraw; to retreat; to go inside; to stay indoors; to back down. Used for physical retreat and social withdrawal.
196. 逼迫する ひっぱくする To become critically strained; to be pressed to the limit; to reach a state of acute tightness. Used for finances, supplies, or situation...
197. 秘める ひめる To harbour within oneself; to conceal; to keep secret inside. Refers to keeping feelings, intentions, or abilities locked within, unexpre...
198. 紐解く ひもとく To unravel; to decipher; to read carefully; to open a book or document and study its contents systematically.
199. 翻す ひるがえす To reverse; to overturn; to recant; to wave or flutter. Has both physical and figurative meanings.
200. 陥る おちいる To fall into (a bad situation); to lapse into; to be caught in a trap or predicament.
201. 驚かす おどろかす To surprise; to startle; to astonish someone deliberately or inadvertently.
202. 脅かす おびやかす To threaten; to endanger; to pose a danger to; to intimidate on a broad scale.
203. 思い込む おもいこむ To be firmly convinced of something; to be under a fixed impression; to have an unfounded belief.
204. 思い知らせる おもいしらせる To make someone realise (a harsh truth); to teach someone a lesson; to force an unwelcome understanding upon someone.
205. 折り合う おりあう To reach a compromise; to come to terms; to get along with; to reconcile differences.
206. 掻い潜る かいくぐる To dodge; to evade; to slip through (surveillance, rules, or obstacles).
207. 掲げる かかげる To raise; to hoist (a flag or banner); to put up; to advocate; to set forth (a principle or goal).
208. 掻き消える かききえる To vanish; to disappear suddenly and completely; to fade away in an instant.
209. 掻き消す かきけす To drown out (a sound); to wipe out; to extinguish completely; to cause something to vanish utterly.
210. 掻き立てる かきたてる To stir up; to arouse; to whip up (emotions, curiosity, or desire); to fan the flames of.
211. 掻き回す かきまわす To stir up; to rummage through; to disturb; to throw (an organisation or situation) into confusion.
212. 嗅ぎ取る かぎとる To smell out; to detect by scent; to sense or intuit (a hidden truth, danger, or intention).
213. 格付ける かくづける To rate; to rank; to classify; to assign a grade or rating to.
214. 蔭る かげる To become cloudy; to darken; to become overshadowed; to dim (of light, mood, or prospects).
215. 託ける かこつける To use as a pretext; to make an excuse of something; to use one thing as a cover reason for doing another.
216. 重ね合わせる かさねあわせる To overlap; to superimpose; to layer one thing onto another; to project one experience onto another.
217. 嵩む かさむ To pile up; to mount; to increase; to accumulate (usually of expenses, costs, or burdens).
218. 翳す かざす To hold up; to hold over; to shade; to screen; to pass (a card) over a reader.
219. 齧る かじる To gnaw; to nibble; to have a smattering of (a subject); to dabble in superficially.
220. 傾く かたむく To tilt; to lean; to incline; to decline (of fortunes, a dynasty, or power).
221. 語り継ぐ かたりつぐ To pass down (a story or tradition) through telling; to hand down by word of mouth across generations.
222. 勝ち取る かちとる To win; to gain; to secure; to achieve through struggle and determination.
223. 掻っ捌く かっさばく To rip open; to slash open; to gut; to cut through decisively.
224. 闊歩 かっぽ Striding boldly; swaggering; walking with conspicuous confidence or self-importance.
225. 翻る ひるがえる To flutter; to wave; to turn over; to change suddenly. Describes rapid reversal or the swaying motion of fabric.
226. 怯む ひるむ To flinch; to recoil; to falter; to shrink back from fear or pressure.
227. 吹き荒れる ふきあれる To blow violently; to rage; to storm. Describes wind or figurative forces running rampant.
228. 吹き込む ふきこむ To blow into; to inspire; to instil; to record (audio). Describes both physical wind entering a space and figurative infusion of ideas or...
229. 膨らむ ふくらむ To swell; to expand; to bulge; to grow larger. Used for physical expansion and for hopes, dreams, or costs that increase.
230. 塞がる ふさがる To be blocked; to be occupied; to be in use; to be closed off.
231. 伏せる ふせる To lie face down; to turn over face-down; to conceal; to hide information.
232. 吹っ切る ふっきる To get over something; to break free from; to put behind oneself and move on.
233. 払拭する ふっしょくする To wipe away; to dispel; to erase; to eliminate completely.
234. 踏み切る ふみきる To take the plunge; to make a decisive decision; to jump from a take-off point.
235. 踏み込む ふみこむ To step into; to break into; to delve deeply into a subject.
236. 踏みにじる ふみにじる To trample; to crush underfoot; to violate or desecrate something.
237. 振り返る ふりかえる To look back; to turn around; to reflect on; to review past events.
238. 振り翳す ふりかざす To brandish; to hold up threateningly; to flaunt something as justification.
239. 触れ合う ふれあう To come into contact; to interact; to touch one another; to connect.
240. 踏ん張る ふんばる To brace oneself; to stand firm; to hold out under pressure; to dig in.
241. ぶっ壊す ぶっこわす To smash; to destroy completely; to break to pieces.
242. 放り出す ほうりだす To throw out; to abandon; to give up on; to cast aside.
243. ほじくる ほじくる To dig up; to poke into; to pry into; to pick at something persistently.
244. ほっつき歩く ほっつきあるく To wander about aimlessly; to roam; to loiter without purpose.
245. 骨を折る ほねをおる To take great pains; to go to considerable trouble; to make strenuous efforts on someone's behalf.
246. 掘り起こす ほりおこす To dig up; to unearth; to bring to light; to discover hidden talent or information.
247. 奔走する ほんそうする To run about; to bustle around; to exert oneself energetically for a cause.
248. 翻弄する ほんろうする To toy with; to manipulate; to toss about at will; to control arbitrarily.
249. 舞い込む まいこむ To fly in unexpectedly; to come out of nowhere; to arrive as a pleasant surprise.
250. 兼ねる かねる To serve dual functions; to double as something else; in negative constructions, to be unable to do something out of hesitation or propri...
251. 噛み合う かみあう To mesh together; for gears or parts to engage properly; for two parties, arguments, or efforts to be in sync or alignment.
252. 噛み合わせる かみあわせる To cause parts to mesh or fit together; to align precisely; to coordinate two systems or schedules so they work in tandem.
253. 噛み砕く かみくだく To chew thoroughly, breaking food into pieces; figuratively, to explain something complex in simple, digestible terms.
254. 噛み締める かみしめる To bite down hard; to chew thoroughly; figuratively, to savour deeply or reflect carefully on an experience, memory, or emotion.
255. 噛みつく かみつく To bite; to sink one's teeth into something or someone; figuratively, to snap at someone verbally, or to challenge aggressively.
256. 絡み合う からみあう To be intertwined; to be tangled together; for multiple factors, interests, or relationships to be intricately interconnected.
257. 駆り立てる かりたてる To drive someone on; to urge; to spur into action; to be propelled by a powerful impulse such as desire, fear, or duty.
258. 鑑みる かんがみる To consider carefully in light of a reference point, past example, or present circumstances; to reflect on and draw lessons from.
259. 瓦解する がかいする To collapse; to crumble; to fall apart completely — typically of an organisation, system, alliance, or plan.
260. がなる がなる To yell; to shout in a harsh, grating voice; to bellow; to bark at someone.
261. 刻む きざむ To carve; to engrave; to mince (food); to mark or beat (time); to imprint deeply in the mind or heart.
262. 築き上げる きずきあげる To build up over time; to construct and accumulate through sustained effort; to establish something substantial from nothing.
263. 競う きそう To compete; to vie with others; to strive against rivals for superiority, a prize, or recognition.
264. 鍛える きたえる To forge or temper metal; to train and strengthen the body; to discipline and harden the mind through rigorous practice.
265. 気遣う きづかう To worry about someone; to be solicitous of another's wellbeing; to take care to attend to another's feelings or needs out of consideration.
266. 糾弾する きゅうだんする To denounce; to condemn publicly; to call someone to account for wrongdoing; to censure with strong moral force.
267. 切り替える きりかえる To switch over; to convert from one mode to another; to change over; to mentally shift gears.
268. 切り崩す きりくずす To break down bit by bit; to wear away; to undermine; to gradually chip away at an opposing majority, resistance, or position.
269. 切り捨てる きりすてる To cut down (as a swordsman); to discard; to abandon without regret; to truncate in mathematics; to dismiss a person, idea, or option ent...
270. 切り詰める きりつめる To cut down drastically; to economise; to reduce expenditure; to shorten or compress a document, schedule, or period.
271. 切り開く きりひらく To clear land by cutting through vegetation; to pioneer a new path or field; to open up new possibilities where none existed.
272. 極める きわめる To reach the utmost point of; to master to the highest degree; to investigate thoroughly; to push something to its absolute limit.
273. 食い込む くいこむ To bite into; to cut into; to dig into; to make inroads; to eat into a budget, market share, or personal time.
274. 食い止める くいとめる To check; to curb; to hold back; to halt the advance or spread of something; to prevent a negative phenomenon from progressing further.
275. まかり通る まかりとおる To pass unchallenged; to be accepted without question; to be allowed to continue despite being questionable or wrong.
276. まかり間違えば まかりまちがえば If things go wrong; in the worst case; should a mistake occur. Used to foreground a grave risk or potential disaster.
277. 巻き返す まきかえす To make a comeback; to rally; to reverse a disadvantage and regain lost ground.
278. 巻き込む まきこむ To involve; to drag in; to entangle; to draw someone or something into a situation, often against their will.
279. 紛れ込む まぎれこむ To slip in unnoticed; to sneak into; to become mixed in with a crowd or group without being detected.
280. 紛れる まぎれる To be diverted; to be distracted; to get mixed up in; to lose oneself in something and temporarily forget concerns.
281. 纏う まとう To wear; to be clad in; to be wrapped or enveloped in. Used for garments, atmosphere, or an aura surrounding a person or place.
282. 纏め上げる まとめあげる To bring together and complete; to compile into a finished whole; to finalise by consolidating disparate elements.
283. 見合わせる みあわせる To postpone; to suspend; to refrain from proceeding. Also: to exchange glances with another person.
284. 見い出す みいだす To find; to discover; to detect; to identify something that was not immediately apparent.
285. 見落とす みおとす To overlook; to miss; to fail to notice something that was there to be seen.
286. 身構える みがまえる To brace oneself; to assume a defensive or ready stance; to be on guard against what is coming.
287. 見切りをつける みきりをつける To give up on; to write off as hopeless; to abandon something after deciding it has no future.
288. 見定める みさだめる To ascertain; to make sure of; to determine something carefully through sustained observation or judgement.
289. 惨めになる みじめになる To become miserable; to feel wretched; to sink into a pitiable state emotionally or circumstantially.
290. 乱す みだす To disturb; to disrupt; to throw into disorder; to upset an established order or balance.
291. 見繕う みつくろう To select; to choose; to pick out with care on behalf of someone, often exercising personal judgement.
292. 見惚れる みとれる To be captivated; to be fascinated; to stare in admiration and lose oneself in gazing at something beautiful.
293. 漲る みなぎる To overflow; to brim with; to be full to the point of overflowing. Used for water, energy, confidence, or emotion.
294. 醜い みにくい Ugly; unsightly; disgraceful; shameful. Used for physical ugliness or morally reprehensible conduct.
295. 身に沁みる みにしみる To feel keenly; to experience deeply; to sink in emotionally or physically — often painfully or poignantly.
296. 身に付ける みにつける To learn thoroughly; to acquire a skill or knowledge; to master; also, to wear or carry something on one's person.
297. 見紛う みまがう To mistake for; to be indistinguishable from; to confuse one thing with another due to close resemblance.
298. 見守る みまもる To watch over; to keep a careful eye on; to observe with care and concern, often without intervening.
299. 剥き出す むきだす To bare; to expose; to lay bare; to reveal something that was covered or concealed.
300. 悔いる くいる To repent; to regret; to rue. Expresses deep remorse over a past action or decision, with a sense of lasting guilt.
301. くぐり抜ける くぐりぬける To get through; to pass through a tight spot; to survive; to slip through. Implies emerging on the other side of something constricting.
302. くぐる くぐる To pass through; to go under; to duck through; to dive under. Describes movement through a low, narrow, or enclosing space.
303. 燻る くすぶる To smoulder; to linger without outlet; to be stuck in a rut; to languish without recognition. Describes suppressed energy or frustration.
304. 崩れる くずれる To collapse; to crumble; to break down; to deteriorate. Describes physical or abstract structures losing their integrity.
305. 覆る くつがえる To be overturned; to be reversed; to be disproved; to capsize. Describes a sudden, decisive reversal of an established position or verdict.
306. 配る くばる To distribute; to hand out; to deal (cards); to pay attention. A versatile verb for spreading something among multiple recipients, includ...
307. 工面する くめんする To contrive; to manage to arrange; to scrape together funds or resources; to make do through ingenuity.
308. 繰り出す くりだす To march out en masse; to sally forth; to send out; to unleash a succession of moves or actions.
309. 繰り広げる くりひろげる To unfold; to spread out; to develop; to carry on. Describes a dynamic spectacle or contest playing out before an audience.
310. 削る けずる To shave; to scrape; to pare down; to cut; to reduce. Refers to removing material or cutting something down in quantity or size.
311. 蹴散らす けちらす To kick and scatter; to rout decisively; to crush all opposition; to scatter enemies in all directions.
312. 牽制する けんせいする To check; to restrain; to hold back; to deter; to keep in check. Exerting pressure to prevent another party from acting freely.
313. 講じる こうじる To take measures; to implement countermeasures; to lecture on; to expound. A formal verb for deliberate, considered action or explanation.
314. 漕ぎ出す こぎだす To set sail; to row out from shore; to launch; to embark on a new venture. Carries a sense of courageous departure into the unknown.
315. 拵える こしらえる To make; to create; to prepare; to put together; to fabricate. Implies hands-on crafting or preparation with care.
316. 腰を据える こしをすえる To settle down; to commit seriously to something; to dig in; to plant oneself and engage with patience. Expresses sustained, wholehearted...
317. 拗れる こじれる To become complicated; to get entangled; to worsen; to go badly awry. Describes a situation or relationship deteriorating into a more int...
318. 糊塗する ことする To gloss over; to cover up; to whitewash; to paper over defects or wrongdoing with superficial fixes.
319. 捏ねる こねる To knead; to mix thoroughly; to quibble; to complain unreasonably; to be obstinate in one's arguments.
320. 拒む こばむ To refuse; to reject; to decline; to resist; to rebuff. Expresses active, principled opposition or denial.
321. 堪える こらえる To bear; to endure; to put up with; to hold back; to restrain oneself. Expresses patient, active endurance of pain or emotion.
322. 凝らす こらす To concentrate; to focus intently; to elaborate; to apply with great care and ingenuity.
323. 凝り固まる こりかたまる To be rigidly set in one's ways; to become inflexibly fixed in beliefs; to stiffen physically through tension.
324. 転がり込む ころがりこむ To roll in; to turn up unexpectedly; to crash at someone's place; to fall into one's lap. Describes uninvited arrival or a windfall.
325. むさぼる むさぼる To devour; to covet; to consume greedily. Describes giving in to excessive appetite or desire with little restraint.
326. 蒸し返す むしかえす To reheat by steaming; to bring up again; to revive a settled issue or old argument unnecessarily.
327. 蒸す むす To steam (food); to be muggy or humid. Refers both to the cooking method and to oppressive, hot, humid weather.
328. 結び付ける むすびつける To tie together; to connect; to link; to associate two things. Used both literally and figuratively.
329. 目配りする めくばりする To keep a watchful eye; to be attentive to multiple things at once; to look after broadly and carefully.
330. 巡り合う めぐりあう To meet by chance; to happen upon; to encounter someone or something through fate or coincidence.
331. 巡る めぐる To go around; to travel in a circuit; to revolve; to concern or relate to (a topic or issue).
332. 目を凝らす めをこらす To strain one's eyes; to stare intently; to peer closely at something difficult to see.
333. 燃え上がる もえあがる To burst into flames; to flare up; to blaze; to surge with passion or excitement.
334. もぎ取る もぎとる To pick or pluck (fruit from a stem); to wrench or snatch away; to seize forcibly.
335. 目論む もくろむ To plan; to scheme; to plot; to intend secretly. Often implies a cunning or calculated purpose.
336. もたつく もたつく To fumble; to be slow and clumsy; to dawdle; to move or work sluggishly without making progress.
337. もたらす もたらす To bring about; to cause; to result in; to produce (an outcome or change).
338. 持ち出す もちだす To take out; to carry out; to bring up (a topic); to introduce (a sensitive or unexpected subject) into a conversation.
339. 弄ぶ もてあそぶ To play with; to toy with; to trifle with; to treat someone or something without due seriousness or respect.
340. もて余す もてあます To be at a loss about how to handle; to be unable to deal with; to have more of something than one can manage.
341. 物怖じする ものおじする To be timid; to be easily intimidated; to shrink back from challenges out of shyness or fear.
342. 物申す ものもうす To speak up; to raise an objection; to have something important to say; to protest formally.
343. 揉み消す もみけす To hush up; to suppress; to cover up; to extinguish by rubbing (as a cigarette).
344. 揉む もむ To massage; to knead; to rub; to wrangle over (a proposal or argument); to forge through experience.
345. 揉め合う もめあう To quarrel; to dispute; to be in ongoing conflict; to wrangle with each other.
346. 催す もよおす To hold or sponsor (an event); to feel the onset of (an urge or emotion); to promote or stimulate.
347. 漏らす もらす To let leak; to divulge (a secret); to disclose (information); to omit accidentally.
348. 盛り上がる もりあがる To swell up; to rise; to become lively or exciting; to build up in atmosphere or emotion.
349. 盛り込む もりこむ To include; to incorporate; to pack in; to work (elements or ideas) into something.
350. 碁石を打つ ごいしをうつ To place a stone on the board in the game of Go; to make a deliberate move in a game of Go.
351. 先んじる さきんじる To precede; to forestall; to get ahead of someone or something deliberately.
352. 差し掛かる さしかかる To approach; to come near to a place or critical stage; to be on the verge of something.
353. 差し迫る さしせまる To be imminent; to be pressing; to be urgently approaching.
354. 差し出す さしだす To present; to offer; to hold out; to submit or tender something to another.
355. 差し挟む さしはさむ To insert; to interpose; to interject something between others or into a conversation.
356. 差し控える さしひかえる To refrain from; to withhold; to hold back out of propriety or caution.
357. 誘い出す さそいだす To lure out; to entice someone out of a place; to draw someone out through invitation or deception.
358. 仕掛ける しかける To set up; to initiate; to start; to lay a trap or challenge; to devise a scheme.
359. しがみつく しがみつく To cling to; to hold on tightly; to hang on desperately to a person or thing.
360. 鎮める しずめる To calm; to pacify; to suppress; to quell unrest, pain, or strong emotion.
361. 仕損じる しそんじる To fail; to bungle; to make a mistake in performing a task; to botch.
362. 従える したがえる To have under one's command; to be accompanied by; to bring along as a retinue or followers.
363. 仕立てる したてる To tailor; to make or finish clothing; to prepare; to train someone for a role.
364. 叱咤する しったする To scold loudly; to reprimand with force; to urge or exhort strongly.
365. 仕遂げる しとげる To accomplish; to complete; to see through to the end; to carry out successfully despite hardship.
366. 忍ばせる しのばせる To conceal; to hide; to slip something somewhere secretly; to embed discreetly.
367. 渋る しぶる To hesitate; to be reluctant; to be unwilling; to grudgingly hold back.
368. 絞り込む しぼりこむ To narrow down; to refine a selection; to focus in on a specific set of options.
369. 絞り出す しぼりだす To squeeze out; to wring out; to eke out something with great effort.
370. 絞る しぼる To wring; to squeeze; to twist to extract liquid; to narrow down; to focus.
371. 仕舞う しまう To put away; to store; to conclude; to finish; also used as an auxiliary to express completion, often with regret.
372. 染み付く しみつく To become ingrained; to be deeply stained or embedded; to be deeply rooted in character or habit.
373. 仕向ける しむける To direct; to urge toward; to induce; to manoeuvre someone into doing something.
374. 締め括る しめくくる To conclude; to wrap up; to bring to a definitive close; to bind together and finalise.
375. 漏れる もれる To leak; to escape; to be omitted; to be disclosed. Used of fluids, information, light, or names that slip through unintentionally.
376. やり込める やりこめる To corner; to silence; to defeat decisively in argument. Used when one party overwhelms another with logic or evidence, leaving no room f...
377. やり過ごす やりすごす To let pass; to ride out; to get through a difficult situation by waiting it out. Implies enduring or deflecting something without direct...
378. やり遂げる やりとげる To accomplish; to complete; to carry a task through to the end despite difficulty. Emphasises perseverance and the full completion of wha...
379. 揺さぶりをかける ゆさぶりをかける To shake up; to rock; to apply psychological or physical pressure in order to unsettle someone. Used both literally and figuratively.
380. 揺り動かす ゆりうごかす To shake; to swing; to move back and forth. Used both for physical rocking motion and for emotionally stirring or moving someone.
381. 揺るがす ゆるがす To shake; to undermine; to rock the foundations of something. Typically used for abstract structures such as authority, trust, or society.
382. 揺るぐ ゆるぐ To shake; to waver; to be shaken. Describes the state of something being destabilised, physically or psychologically.
383. よぎる よぎる To cross one's mind; to flash through; to pass briefly across. Describes a thought, feeling, or shadow that moves quickly through conscio...
384. 横たわる よこたわる To lie down; to extend; to stretch out. Used for a person lying horizontally, a geographical feature spanning a distance, or an abstract ...
385. 装う よそおう To pretend; to feign; to disguise; to dress up as. Covers both external appearance (dressing to look a certain way) and internal performa...
386. 蘇る よみがえる To revive; to be resurrected; to come back to life. Used for living things returning from death or unconsciousness, and for things once l...
387. 読み解く よみとく To decipher; to interpret; to read and understand deeply. Used when comprehending something that requires careful analysis rather than si...
388. 寄り添う よりそう To snuggle up to; to nestle close; to stand by someone in support. Conveys both physical closeness and emotional solidarity.
389. 落胆する らくたんする To be disappointed; to be discouraged; to lose heart. Used when expectations are not met and the emotional result is deflation or despair.
390. 乱立する らんりつする To stand in disarray; to proliferate chaotically; to spring up in large numbers without order or coordination.
391. 理解に苦しむ りかいにくるしむ To find it hard to understand; to be puzzled by; to struggle to comprehend. Expresses genuine bewilderment at something that seems inexpl...
392. 力む りきむ To strain; to exert oneself forcefully; to put on airs. Covers both physical over-exertion and the social behaviour of acting more impres...
393. 弄する ろうする To play with; to manipulate; to use cunning tactics. Describes deliberately wielding something — words, tricks, or schemes — with calcula...
394. 沸き立つ わきたつ To boil up; to seethe; to be stirred with excitement or strong emotion. Describes both physical boiling and the surging of intense feelin...
395. 煩う わずらう To worry about; to be troubled by; to suffer from. Describes a state of persistent mental anguish or physical ailment that weighs on a pe...
396. 渡り合う わたりあう To cross swords with; to compete with on equal terms; to deal with a formidable opponent without backing down.
397. 割り当てる わりあてる To assign; to allocate; to apportion. Used when distributing tasks, resources, roles, or time slots among people or purposes.
398. 割り切る わりきる To be decisive; to come to terms with; to accept a situation pragmatically and move on without lingering sentiment.
399. 割り込む わりこむ To cut in; to break in; to interrupt; to intrude. Describes forcing oneself into a line, conversation, or situation without permission.