Time, Change & Continuity

概要

この章では「Time, Change & Continuity」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N1 Vocabulary (50)

1. 暁 あかつき Dawn; daybreak. Also used in the grammatical pattern 〜の暁に to mean 'when the time comes for…' or 'in the event of…'.
2. 曙 あけぼの Dawn; daybreak. Also used figuratively for the early, hopeful beginning of an era, movement, or new development.
3. 一夜 いちや One night; a single night; overnight. Refers to the duration of a single night or events occurring within one night.
4. 一刻 いっこく A moment; an instant; a brief period of time. Also used as a na-adjective meaning stubborn or headstrong.
5. 一昼夜 いっちゅうや A full day and night; a complete 24-hour period. Emphasises the unbroken continuity of both daytime and nighttime together.
6. 閏年 うるうどし Leap year; a year with an intercalary day (29 February) added to synchronise the Gregorian calendar with the solar year.
7. 永劫 えいごう Eternity; perpetuity; an infinitely long span of time. Used in expressions emphasising something lasting forever or a future that will ne...
8. 干支 えと The Chinese zodiac; the traditional sexagenary cycle combining the ten Heavenly Stems and twelve Earthly Branches. Also used colloquially...
9. 折しも おりしも Just then; at that very moment; opportunely or inopportunely at that precise time. Used when two events coincide in a notably significant...
10. 過去帳 かこちょう Death register; a Buddhist memorial book recording the posthumous names, death dates, and ages of deceased family members. Kept at temple...
11. 過渡 かと Transition; a transitional period; an intermediate state between two distinct conditions or eras.
12. 上半期 かみはんき The first half of a year; in business contexts, typically April to September in the Japanese fiscal year (April–March).
13. 旧石器 きゅうせっき Palaeolithic; of or relating to the Old Stone Age, the earliest period of human prehistory characterised by the use of chipped stone tools.
14. 旧暦 きゅうれき The old calendar; the traditional lunisolar calendar used in Japan before the Meiji era, based on the Chinese lunisolar system.
15. 元号 げんごう Era name; the official name given to a reign period in the Japanese imperial system. Japan currently uses the era Reiwa, which began in 2...
16. 高度成長 こうどせいちょう Rapid economic growth; high economic growth. Most specifically refers to Japan's extraordinary postwar economic expansion from the late 1...
17. 暦 こよみ Calendar; almanac. Both the abstract system for organising days and months, and the physical printed calendar or almanac itself.
18. 暫時 ざんじ A short while; a brief moment; briefly; temporarily. A formal expression for a limited, short span of time.
19. 四半期 しはんき A fiscal or calendar quarter; one of the four three-month periods into which a business year is divided.
20. 下半期 しもはんき The second half of a year; in business contexts, typically October to March in the Japanese fiscal year (April–March).
21. 須臾 しゅゆ An instant; a moment; an extremely brief span of time. A highly literary and classical term for the fleeting nature of time.
22. 昭和 しょうわ The Shōwa era; the imperial reign period of Emperor Hirohito, spanning 1926 to 1989. One of the longest and most historically eventful er...
23. 新暦 しんれき The new calendar; the Gregorian (solar) calendar adopted in Japan in 1873, used in contrast to the traditional lunisolar 旧暦.
24. 縄文 じょうもん The Jōmon period; Japan's prehistoric era (c. 14,000–300 BCE) characterised by cord-patterned pottery and a hunter-gatherer culture.
25. 世紀末 せいきまつ End of a century; fin de siècle. Used both literally for the close of a century and figuratively for a mood of decadence, pessimism, or c...
26. 節気 せっき Solar term; one of the 24 seasonal divisions of the traditional East Asian lunisolar calendar. Marks specific astronomical and agricultur...
27. 刹那 せつな An instant; a fleeting moment; the smallest perceptible unit of time. Often used to convey the transient, irretrievable nature of a singl...
28. 戦後 せんご Post-war; the period following a war. In Japanese, almost always refers specifically to the period after World War II (1945 onwards).
29. 戦前 せんぜん Pre-war; the period before a war. In Japanese, typically refers to Japan before World War II, particularly before 1937 or 1941.
30. 太古 たいこ Ancient times; the remote past; time immemorial. Refers to an era so distant it lies beyond the reach of recorded history.
31. 黄昏 たそがれ Twilight; dusk; the time when day transitions to night. Also used metaphorically to mean the declining phase of something — a career, a l...
32. 遅延 ちえん Delay; postponement; a disruption causing something to occur later than scheduled. Also used technically for latency in communications or...
33. 途端に とたんに The very moment that; just as; at the instant when. Used to indicate that something happened immediately after or simultaneously with ano...
34. 同時代 どうじだい Contemporary; belonging to the same period or era. Describes people, works, or phenomena existing at the same time in history.
35. 年号 ねんごう Era name; Japanese era designation. An official name given to a reign period in the traditional Japanese calendar system.
36. 年頭 ねんとう The beginning of the year; the start of a new year. Used predominantly in formal greetings and official speeches delivered in January.
37. 年度 ねんど Fiscal year; academic year; official year. A defined annual period used for administrative, educational, or financial purposes, often not...
38. 年度末 ねんどまつ End of the fiscal year or academic year; year-end in the Japanese administrative calendar. Typically refers to late March.
39. 遥か はるか Far; distant; remote in space or time. When referring to time, evokes things long past or far in the future, often with a wistful or lyri...
40. 節目 ふしめ A turning point; a milestone; a significant juncture in life or history. Also, literally, the node or joint of a bamboo stalk.
41. 復古 ふっこ Restoration; a return to old customs or systems; revival of the past. Applied to political or cultural movements that seek to restore ear...
42. 変遷する へんせんする To change; to undergo historical transition; to evolve or shift gradually over time. Refers to meaningful transformation across a defined...
43. 幕開け まくあけ Opening; beginning; the dawn or start of something significant. Literally, the raising of a theatre curtain.
44. 弥生 やよい The Yayoi period (approx. 300 BCE–300 CE), a prehistoric era of Japan characterised by rice cultivation and metalworking. Also an archaic...
45. 悠久 ゆうきゅう Eternity; timelessness; enduring permanence. The quality of lasting through vast stretches of time with serene, unhurried continuity.
46. 夜更け よふけ Late at night; the dead of night; the quiet hours after midnight when most people are asleep.
47. 来歴 らいれき History; background; origin; pedigree. The record of how something or someone came to be what they are today.
48. 黎明 れいめい Dawn; daybreak; the first light of day. Also used metaphorically for the earliest, formative beginnings of something.
49. 黎明期 れいめいき Dawn period; the earliest stage of something; the infancy or inception of a movement, technology, or field.
50. 歴史的 れきしてき Historic; historical. Describes something of great historical significance, or something related to history in general.