Communication & Expression

概要

この章では「Communication & Expression」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N1 Vocabulary (101)

1. 合い言葉 あいことば Password; watchword; shared motto or slogan. A word or phrase used for mutual identification or to signal shared purpose.
2. 阿吽の呼吸 あうんのこきゅう Perfect synchronisation between two people; unspoken mutual understanding. The intuitive coordination of partners who need no words.
3. 明かし あかし Proof; evidence; testimony; a demonstration or pledge that attests to truth.
4. 揚げ足取り あげあしとり Fault-finding; catching someone in a slip of the tongue; nitpicking at another's words rather than engaging with substance.
5. 暗号化 あんごうか Encryption; encoding; ciphering. The process of converting data or messages into a coded form.
6. 言い得て妙 いいえてみょう Aptly put; well said; a felicitous expression. Describes a turn of phrase that captures something perfectly.
7. 言い掛かり いいがかり False accusation; unfounded complaint; trumped-up charge. Picking a fight with baseless or exaggerated claims.
8. 言い伝え いいつたえ Oral tradition; legend; folklore; something handed down through generations by word of mouth.
9. 言い逃れ いいのがれ Evasion; excuse-making; prevarication; alibi. Talking one's way out of responsibility through clever or dishonest speech.
10. 言い分 いいぶん One's say; one's argument or position; complaint; excuse. What one has the right or need to express.
11. 言い寄る いいよる To make romantic advances; to court someone; to approach someone with declarations of affection.
12. 意見交換 いけんこうかん Exchange of views; sharing of opinions; consultation. A discussion where participants express their perspectives to each other.
13. 意思疎通 いしそつう Communication; mutual understanding; the successful transmission of intention or meaning between people.
14. 以心伝心 いしんでんしん Telepathy; tacit understanding; heart-to-heart communication without words. Conveying meaning through pure mutual understanding.
15. 一言居士 いちげんこじ A person who always has something to say; an opinionated person who must comment on everything.
16. 慇懃 いんぎん Courteous; polite; civil. Can also describe excessively formal or obsequious politeness that masks contempt.
17. 訴え うったえ Appeal; complaint; lawsuit; plea. A formal or emotional statement seeking redress, justice, or action.
18. 紆余曲折 うよきょくせつ Twists and turns; complications; a winding, roundabout course of events with many setbacks and unexpected developments.
19. 恨み言 うらみごと Bitter words; words of resentment; complaints spoken from a deep sense of grievance or having been wronged.
20. 売り言葉 うりことば Provocative remark; fighting words; a heated or aggressive comment made to provoke a reaction.
21. 婉曲表現 えんきょくひょうげん Euphemism; indirect expression; circumlocution. A roundabout way of phrasing something to soften or obscure its meaning.
22. お茶を濁す おちゃをにごす To be evasive; to give a vague answer; to fudge an issue. To muddy the waters rather than address something directly.
23. 解読 かいどく Deciphering; decoding; reading and interpreting something encoded, obscure, or complex.
24. 核心を突く かくしんをつく To get to the heart of the matter; to hit the nail on the head; to make a penetrating remark that cuts to the core.
25. 諫言 かんげん Admonition; remonstrance; honest counsel given to a superior to correct a wrong course of action.
26. 決め台詞 きめぜりふ Catchphrase; signature line; killer line. A memorable phrase associated with a particular person, character, or role.
27. 曲解 きょっかい Misinterpretation; distortion; twisting of meaning. Deliberately or carelessly construing something contrary to its intent.
28. 苦言 くげん Bitter truth; frank criticism; harsh but well-intentioned advice. Words that are unpleasant to hear but necessary to say.
29. 口裏を合わせる くちうらをあわせる To get one's story straight; to collude on a shared account; to agree on a version of events beforehand.
30. 口車に乗る くちぐるまにのる To be taken in by smooth talk; to be sweet-talked into something; to fall for glib persuasion.
31. 口先 くちさき Lip service; mere words; glib talk that is not backed by action.
32. 口八丁 くちはっちょう Glib tongue; smooth talker; a person exceptionally skilled at talking their way through any situation.
33. 訓示 くんじ Instructions; admonition; a formal address from a superior conveying guidance or directives.
34. 言外 げんがい What is implied but left unsaid; subtext; between the lines. The meaning that exists outside or beyond the words themselves.
35. 言質 げんち A verbal commitment; one's word; a statement that can be held as a pledge or promise.
36. 言質を取る げんちをとる To obtain a verbal commitment; to hold someone to their word; to get a binding statement from someone.
37. 公言 こうげん Public declaration; avowal; openly stating something before others.
38. 高言 こうげん Boasting; bragging; big talk. Grandiose statements that exceed what one can actually deliver.
39. 口述 こうじゅつ Oral statement; dictation; a verbal rather than written account or explanation.
40. 告白 こくはく Confession; declaration; admission. An honest disclosure of feelings, secrets, or wrongdoing.
41. 言葉を濁す ことばをにごす To speak evasively; to be deliberately vague; to equivocate rather than giving a clear answer.
42. 御託 ごたく Tedious, long-winded talk; pompous excuses; tiresome self-justifying speech.
43. 戯れ言 ざれごと Joke; jest; witticism; playful banter. A light-hearted remark not meant to be taken seriously.
44. 釈然 しゃくぜん Fully convinced; satisfied; a feeling of clarity and resolution. Most commonly used in the negative (釈然としない) to express lingering doubt o...
45. 洒落 しゃれ Pun; wordplay; witticism. Also used to mean fashionable or stylish (お洒落). In communication contexts, refers specifically to verbal wit an...
46. 進言 しんげん Advice offered to a superior; recommendation; counsel directed upward in a hierarchy.
47. 諄々 じゅんじゅん Earnestly; patiently; at length. Describes the manner of explaining or advising someone carefully and repeatedly.
48. 叙述する じょじゅつする To describe; to narrate; to give an account of something in detail.
49. 捨て台詞 すてぜりふ Parting shot; a cutting remark delivered as one leaves; a sharp retort flung before walking away.
50. 折衝 せっしょう Negotiation; bargaining; give-and-take between parties with differing interests.
51. 説得 せっとく Persuasion; convincing someone to accept a viewpoint or take a course of action. Implies sustained effort to change another's mind or beh...
52. 切々 せつせつ Earnestly; passionately; pleadingly. Describes an appeal or expression that conveys deep emotion and sincerity, often with a sense of des...
53. 煽動 せんどう Incitement; agitation; instigation; deliberately stirring up emotions or actions in a crowd, often for political or inflammatory purposes.
54. 舌禍 ぜっか Trouble or disaster caused by careless speech; verbal indiscretion; a scandal arising from ill-chosen words.
55. 齟齬 そご Discrepancy; disagreement; misalignment; a mismatch between two parties' expectations, accounts, or intentions that leads to conflict or ...
56. 疎通 そつう Communication; mutual understanding; the free flow of ideas or feelings between people or groups. Often used in contexts where that flow ...
57. 多弁 たべん Talkativeness; loquacity; the quality of speaking much or too much. Can describe both neutral verbosity and excessive, unnecessary chatter.
58. 多弁になる たべんになる To become talkative; to start talking a lot. Describes a shift in behaviour where someone who was previously quiet or reserved begins spe...
59. 玉虫色 たまむしいろ Iridescent colour; by extension, deliberately vague or ambiguous; crafted to mean different things to different people. Often used to des...
60. 打診 だしん Sounding out; a preliminary inquiry or feeler to gauge another party's interest or opinion before making a formal proposal. Also means me...
61. 駄洒落 だじゃれ A bad pun; a corny or groan-worthy play on words. Typically refers to a pun that is deliberately or unintentionally weak, eliciting groan...
62. 仲介 ちゅうかい Mediation; intermediation; brokerage. Acting as a go-between to facilitate a deal, negotiation, or agreement between two parties.
63. 直言 ちょくげん Speaking frankly; plain speaking; saying directly what one thinks without softening or evasion. Implies a forthright, sometimes blunt com...
64. 鶴の一声 つるのひとこえ An authoritative pronouncement that settles a debate or decision; the boss's final word that ends all discussion. Literally, the single c...
65. 丁重 ていちょう Polite; courteous; respectful; showing careful and attentive consideration for another person. Used to describe communication or treatmen...
66. 伝達 でんたつ Communication; transmission; conveyance. The act of passing information, instructions, or signals from one person, system, or place to an...
67. 問い合わせ といあわせ An inquiry; an enquiry; a query or request for information directed to a company, institution, or individual.
68. 問い詰める といつめる To press with questions; to cross-examine; to corner someone through relentless questioning until they have no room to evade.
69. 遠回し とおまわし Indirect; roundabout; euphemistic. Describes a way of speaking or expressing something that avoids stating the matter directly, often to ...
70. 訥弁 とつべん Halting or inarticulate speech; the quality of being a poor or slow speaker. Used to describe someone who struggles to express themselves...
71. 堂々巡り どうどうめぐり Going round in circles; a discussion or negotiation that keeps returning to the same point without resolution. Getting nowhere despite co...
72. 内密 ないみつ Secret; confidential; private; in confidence. Describes something communicated or handled privately, without others being made aware.
73. 泣き言 なきごと Whining; complaining; griping. Spoken laments or excuses that express weakness or self-pity rather than taking constructive action.
74. 念押し ねんおし Confirmation; double-checking; pressing a point to make sure it is understood. Re-emphasising something to ensure no misunderstanding ari...
75. 能弁 のうべん Eloquent; fluent; articulate. The quality of speaking with skill, clarity, and persuasiveness. Often used to describe a gifted public spe...
76. 歯に衣着せぬ はにきぬきせぬ Outspoken; frank; not mincing words. Describes a manner of speaking that is blunt and direct without softening the message.
77. 罵倒 ばとう Abuse; denunciation; verbal attack. The act of harshly condemning or insulting someone with strong, aggressive language.
78. 皮肉る ひにくる To speak sarcastically; to be ironic; to make cutting or caustic remarks. A verb form of 皮肉, used when someone deliberately says the oppo...
79. 誹謗 ひぼう Slander; defamation; libel; vilification. The act of making false or malicious statements to damage someone's reputation.
80. 不言実行 ふげんじっこう Action without words; acting without boasting or preaching. Doing what must be done quietly, without talking about it beforehand.
81. 腑に落ちない ふにおちない Unconvincing; not making sense; hard to accept. Describes a feeling of dissatisfaction when an explanation fails to satisfy or logically ...
82. 腑に落ちる ふにおちる To make sense; to be convincing; to be satisfying. The feeling of something finally clicking and settling in one's understanding.
83. 訃報 ふほう News of a death; obituary notice. Formal notification that someone has passed away, typically delivered through official or respectful ch...
84. 文面 ぶんめん Text; wording; content of a letter or document. The actual words used in a written message, as opposed to its spoken or implied meaning.
85. 返答 へんとう Reply; answer; response. A response given to a question, request, or communication.
86. 弁証 べんしょう Demonstration; proof; dialectics. The act of rationally establishing the truth of something through argumentation or logical proof.
87. 弁舌 べんぜつ Eloquence; oratory; speech; rhetoric. The ability or manner of speaking persuasively and fluently.
88. 弁明 べんめい Explanation; justification; defence; excuse. An attempt to clarify one's actions or position, often in response to criticism or accusation.
89. 暴言 ぼうげん Abusive language; violent words; rash remark. Extremely offensive, reckless, or violent speech that goes beyond acceptable norms.
90. 耳を傾ける みみをかたむける To listen attentively; to lend an ear; to pay close attention to what is being said.
91. 黙殺 もくさつ Ignoring; disregarding; killing by silence. Deliberately choosing not to respond or acknowledge something, effectively suppressing it.
92. 黙秘 もくひ Remaining silent; exercising the right to silence. Legally or deliberately refusing to speak or disclose information.
93. 文言 もんごん Wording; text; phrasing; the specific language used in an official or written document.
94. 問答無用 もんどうむよう No discussion needed; brooking no argument; beyond discussion. A declaration that debate or explanation is unnecessary and action will fo...
95. 揶揄 やゆ Ridicule; mockery; teasing; banter. The act of making fun of someone, especially in a way that humiliates or belittles them.
96. 有言実行 ゆうげんじっこう Doing what one says; being true to one's word; follow-through on stated intentions.
97. 雄弁 ゆうべん Eloquence; oratory; fluency. The ability to speak in a powerful, persuasive, and impressive manner.
98. 要約 ようやく Summary; abstract; abridgement; digest. A condensed version of a longer text or speech that captures its essential points.
99. 横槍 よこやり Interruption; interference; butting in. An unwelcome intrusion into a conversation, plan, or situation by an outside party.
100. 論述 ろんじゅつ Discussion; exposition; dissertation; setting out an argument in writing or speech. The structured explanation and development of a point...
101. 論破 ろんぱ Refutation; confutation; winning an argument by logically defeating the opposing position.