リストラ
意味
Corporate restructuring, especially layoffs and workforce reduction.
Originally from English 'restructuring,' リストラ in Japanese almost exclusively means layoffs and firings. Unlike in English, where restructuring can be neutral, リストラ carries a strongly negative connotation and is associated with job loss, economic hardship, and the breaking of Japan's implicit lifetime employment promise. It became an iconic word of the 1990s recession and remains widely understood.
例文
- 来月から大規模リストラが始まるらしいよ。
- 父がリストラされて、家族みんな大変だった時期がある。
- リストラの噂が出ると、社内の雰囲気が一気に悪くなる。
使い方ガイド
場面: workplace, news, casual conversation
トーン: serious, anxious
正しい言い方
- あの会社、またリストラするらしいよ。 (I heard that company is doing layoffs again.)
- リストラに備えて副業始めた方がいいかも。 (Maybe I should start a side job in case of layoffs.)
避ける言い方
- リストラされた人に軽い感じで「次見つかるよ」は禁句 (Casually telling someone who was laid off 'you'll find something' is insensitive)
よくある間違い
- Assuming リストラ means neutral 'restructuring' like in English — in Japanese it almost always means layoffs
- Not understanding the emotional weight — リストラ implies the company broke its promise of employment security
起源と歴史
Shortened from English 'restructuring.' Entered mainstream Japanese during the 1990s economic recession (失われた10年) when major corporations began unprecedented layoffs, shattering the myth of lifetime employment.
文化的背景
時代: 1990s recession, ongoing
世代: All ages, particularly impactful for 氷河期世代
社会的背景: All corporate workers
地域メモ: Used across all of Japan. One of the most widely understood loanwords in Japanese business vocabulary.
関連フレーズ
フラッシュカード、クイズ、音声発音、間隔反復