する (causing a state or action)

Japanese Grammar Basic Japanese ★★★★★ 5/5 neutral するsuru
読み する
ローマ字 suru
形 Noun + を + する/します; A + を + B + に + する

意味

The verb する is used to indicate that someone or something causes a state or action to take place. It is the most basic and widely used verb in Japanese, functioning as 'to do' and forming the basis of hundreds of compound verbs with nouns.

する is the fundamental action verb in Japanese. It combines with a vast number of nouns to create compound verbs: 勉強する (to study), 料理する (to cook), 運動する (to exercise), 掃除する (to clean). In this causative sense, the subject actively brings about the action or state. する is also used in the pattern AをBにする, meaning 'to make A into B' or 'to cause A to become B,' such as 部屋をきれいにする (to make the room clean). Learners should note that する is one of only two irregular verbs in Japanese (the other being 来る). Its conjugation is unique: します (polite), した (past), して (て-form), しない (negative). Many loanwords from English also attach する to become verbs: コピーする, チェックする.

例文

  1. 母は毎晩夕食の準備をする。
  2. 週末にサッカーをします。
  3. 部屋をきれいにする。

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, written, everyday

トーン: descriptive

正しい言い方

  • 毎日三十分運動をしています。
  • 音を小さくする。
  • 子どもたちは公園で遊びをした。
  • 日本語の勉強をする。

避ける言い方

  • 昨日サッカーをやるした。(Mixing やる and する — choose one verb; した is the correct past form of する) → 昨日サッカーをした。
  • 勉強するをします。(Adding を after する — 勉強する is already a complete verb and does not take を after する) → 勉強をします。
  • 彼は医者をする。(Using をする for a profession — for occupations, use をしている for current state or になる to express becoming) → 彼は医者をしている。

起源と歴史

する is one of the oldest verbs in Japanese, traceable to Old Japanese す (su). It has always served as the primary verb for performing actions and remains the most productive verb for creating new compound verbs.

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal

関連フレーズ

ある (existence of inanimate things) Indicates that an inanimate object exists or is located somewhere. It is the counterpart of いる, which is used for animate beings. ある is one of the most fundamental verbs in Japanese and is essential for describing the presence or location of things. いる (existence of animate things) Indicates that an animate being — a person, animal, or other living creature — exists or is located somewhere. It is the animate counterpart of ある and is one of the first verbs learners must master for describing who or what is present. いる (progressive / ongoing state) Used after the て-form of a verb to indicate that an action is currently in progress or that a state resulting from a past action continues. This is the most common way to express the English present progressive ('is doing') in Japanese. 分かる・わかる (understand) Expresses that something becomes clear, understandable, or known to someone spontaneously. The thing understood is marked with が, and the person who understands is marked with に or は. It describes a natural, involuntary process of comprehension. 好きだ・すきだ (like) A na-adjective that expresses liking or fondness for something or someone. The liked object is marked with が, and the person who likes is marked with は. It functions as an adjective describing a state of preference, not a verb. 知る・しる (come to know) Describes acquiring information or knowledge from an external source. The basic form 知る indicates the moment of learning something new, while the te-form 知っている expresses the resulting state of knowing. ある (resultant state) Used after the て-form of a transitive verb to indicate that something has been done and the resulting state remains. This pattern emphasises the current condition that resulted from a completed action, rather than the action itself. する (cost or duration) する is used to express how much something costs or how long something takes. The amount or duration is typically marked with が, and する indicates the price or time required. This is an idiomatic use distinct from the action-performing する.
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