姓氏

• ピンイン: xìng shì
• 漢字の分解: 姓 = 女 + 生 (maternal lineage marker in ancient China); 氏 = ancient pictograph for a clan or noble family

意味

姓氏（姓・名字）

A more formal and specific term than 姓 alone. Used in academic, legal, and historical contexts. In Chinese culture, the surname precedes the given name and carries deep genealogical significance.

例文

1. 中国最常见的姓氏有李、王、张等，其历史渊源可追溯到数千年前。
2. 研究姓氏文化有助于深入了解古代社会的宗族制度与地域迁徙历史。
3. 申请护照时需提供姓氏的标准拼音写法，以确保与国际证件信息保持一致。

使い方ガイド

場面: history, legal documents, culture

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 这个村落以某一姓氏为主，大多数居民同宗同源，历史悠久。(This village is dominated by a particular surname; most residents share the same ancestry, with a long history.)
• 古代姓氏制度与宗法制度密切相关，是研究中国家族文化史的重要切入点。(The ancient surname system is closely intertwined with the patriarchal system and is an important entry point for studying Chinese family cultural history.)

避ける言い方

• 我的姓氏叫李 — say 我姓李 or 我的姓氏是李; 叫 is used for full names or given names, not surnames in formal identification contexts

起源と歴史

姓 (surname — 女 + 生, tracing lineage through birth/maternal line) + 氏 (clan designation — ancient noble clan marker)

文化的背景

時代: Traditional to Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal