下岗

• ピンイン: xià gǎng
• 漢字の分解: 下 = 一 + ト (downward, leave); 岗 = 山 + 冈 (mountain + ridge — a post, station, guard duty position)

意味

（再編で）レイオフされる／下岗になる

Deeply associated with China's 1990s SOE reform era, when tens of millions of workers were laid off (下岗工人). Carries a social and historical weight beyond ordinary unemployment. Also used more broadly now for any job loss due to restructuring.

例文

1. 九十年代国企改革期间，数千万工人相继下岗，社会保障体系面临巨大压力。
2. 父亲下岗后，家里的经济来源一下子断了，全家陷入了困难时期。
3. 政府出台了一系列再就业政策，帮助下岗工人尽快重新融入劳动力市场。

使い方ガイド

場面: economics, labour, history, social policy, family

トーン: serious

正しい言い方

• 回看九十年代末的城市转型，下岗让许多国企工人失去收入，也冲击了身份与家庭安全感。(Looking back at the urban transformation of the late 1990s, being laid off caused many state-owned enterprise workers to lose income and shook their identity and family security.)
• 九十年代国企改革中的下岗提高了效率，却主要由工人承担成本，并加深了收入分化。(The lay-offs in China's 1990s state-owned enterprise reforms improved efficiency, but workers bore most of the cost and income disparities deepened.)

避ける言い方

• 下岗 and 失业 interchangeably — 下岗 specifically refers to being laid off due to enterprise restructuring (with its historical SOE connotation), while 失业 is the general term for unemployment from any cause

起源と歴史

下 (leave, go off) + 岗 (post, station, guard position — 山 + 冈, hill + ridge = a post or station) — to leave one's post; to be removed from one's work station

文化的背景

時代: 1990s–present

世代: Generation X and above

社会的背景: Working class