下令

• ピンイン: xià lìng
• 漢字の分解: 下 = to send down, issue from above; 令 = 人 + 口 (person + mouth — an authoritative spoken directive)

意味

命令を下す

Typically used in military, governmental, judicial, and emergency management contexts. The subject must be an authority figure. Common pattern: 下令+verb phrase (order something to be done). Often collocates with 逮捕, 撤退, 封锁, 动员, and similar action verbs.

例文

1. 最高法院下令冻结该公司的所有资产，以防止涉案人员在审判结束前转移财产。
2. 市长下令启动一级应急预案，调动全市消防力量参与扑救山区持续蔓延的森林火灾。
3. 指挥官在收到最新情报后立即下令部队转移阵地，以规避即将到来的夜间突袭。

使い方ガイド

場面: military, government, law, emergency management

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 省级应急管理部门在强台风登陆前四十八小时下令对沿海低洼地区实施强制疏散，确保约十二万名居民在灾害抵达前转移至安全地点。(The provincial emergency management department issued an order forty-eight hours before a severe typhoon made landfall to compulsorily evacuate coastal low-lying areas, ensuring that approximately 120,000 residents were relocated to safe locations before the disaster struck.)
• 国际刑警组织在各成员国的协调配合下向相关司法管辖区下令实施联合行动，成功将这名在逃多年的跨国金融诈骗案嫌犯缉拿归案。(Under the coordinated cooperation of member states, Interpol issued orders to the relevant jurisdictions to implement a joint operation, successfully apprehending this transnational financial fraud suspect who had been at large for many years.)

避ける言い方

• 下令 when the directive comes from a peer or equal — use 要求 or 请求; 下令 strictly implies top-down authority, so using it for requests from non-authority figures sounds unnatural or presumptuous

起源と歴史

下 (to issue, send down from authority) + 令 (order, command — 人+ 口, person + mouth — a spoken directive from above)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal