孤单

• ピンイン: gū dān
• 漢字の分解: 孤 = 子 (child) + 瓜 (gourd hanging alone) — a child left without kin; 单 = originally depicting a hunting weapon for a single person — alone, without company

意味

寂しい、心細い

孤单 emphasises the emotional dimension of being alone — the tender ache of loneliness — rather than merely the physical fact of solitude. Distinguished from 孤独 (deeper, more philosophical, existential aloneness) and 独自 (neutral, simply meaning by oneself without emotional colouring). 孤单 is softer and more tender in tone, often appearing in lyrical and reflective contexts.

例文

1. 她独自一人在异乡求学，每逢节假日便感到格外孤单，思念家人的心情难以言说。
2. 退休后，他突然发现自己的社交圈子迅速缩小，那种孤单的感觉让他很不适应。
3. 尽管房间里人声嘈杂，她却感到一种深入骨髓的孤单，仿佛置身于另一个世界。

使い方ガイド

場面: emotions, daily life, literature, personal feelings

トーン: melancholic

正しい言い方

• 长期独居的老人往往容易感到孤单，社区关怀服务对他们来说至关重要。(Elderly people who live alone for extended periods are often prone to loneliness; community care services are of vital importance to them.)
• 在拥挤的城市里感到孤单并不罕见，许多年轻人都有过这种与周围人格格不入的体验。(Feeling lonely in a crowded city is not uncommon; many young people have had the experience of feeling out of place amid those around them.)

避ける言い方

• 将'孤单'与'孤独'完全互换 — 孤单 conveys a lighter, more tender longing; 孤独 implies a deeper, more existential solitude; do not substitute them freely in literary or emotionally nuanced contexts

起源と歴史

孤 (orphaned; without kin; alone) + 单 (single; alone; solitary). Together: utterly alone — without family or companionship.

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal