防御

• 拼音: fáng yù
• 汉字拆解: 防 = 阝+ 方 (protective earthwork); 御 = 彳+ 卸 (movement + unloading — to manage an advancing force and deflect it)

含义

To defend; defense. The strategic act of resisting attack and protecting against harm, used in military, cybersecurity, sports, and psychological contexts.

More systematic and strategic than 防卫 (immediate self-defense). Implies a structured, planned approach to fending off threats. Common in military theory, game strategy, and cybersecurity. Collocates with 体系、能力、工事、阵地、战略、机制.

例句

1. 这支球队在联赛中以严密的防御体系著称，本赛季失球数居于联赛最少之列，但进攻端的不足也使其难以在关键比赛中取得主动。
2. 军事战略家认为，在现代战争中，单纯依赖被动防御已经不够，必须构建具备主动探测和快速响应能力的综合防御体系。
3. 心理学研究表明，个体在面对威胁自我认知的信息时，往往会自动启动防御机制，倾向于寻找反驳证据而非客观评估。

用法指南

语境: military, sports, cybersecurity, psychology

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 该国花费数十年时间构建起完善的导弹防御体系，旨在拦截来自不同方向和高度的空中威胁，确保本土战略目标的安全。(The country spent decades building a comprehensive missile defence system designed to intercept airborne threats from different directions and altitudes, ensuring the safety of strategic targets on its territory.)
• 在网络安全领域，纵深防御理念要求企业不能依赖单一的安全工具，而应构建多层次、相互配合的防御机制以应对复杂威胁。(In the field of cybersecurity, the concept of defence-in-depth requires organisations not to rely on a single security tool, but to build a multi-layered, coordinated defence mechanism to address complex threats.)

错误说法

• 防御性 as a standalone adjective in sports commentary — in Chinese sports, 防守型 (defensively oriented) is more natural; reserve 防御 for military, security, and strategic contexts

起源与历史

防 (to guard) + 御 (to control/ward off) — to actively manage and resist incoming threats

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal