烂

• 拼音: làn
• 汉字拆解: 烂 = 火 (fire) + 兰 (orchid, phonetic), simplified from 爛

含义

Rotten; worn out; terrible; thoroughly. Describes decay or poor quality.

Describes physical decay (rotten fruit), worn-out condition (tattered clothes), or poor quality (bad movie). Colloquially used as an intensifier meaning 'thoroughly' in phrases like 烂熟 (know by heart). Often carries negative connotations when describing people or work.

例句

1. 这些苹果放太久都烂了，得扔掉。
2. 他把这首诗背得烂熟，倒着都能背出来。
3. 这部电影太烂了，浪费了两个小时。

用法指南

语境: everyday, criticism, food

语气: negative

正确说法

• 肉煮烂了才好吃。(The meat tastes good only when it's cooked until tender.)
• 这家餐厅的服务烂透了。(This restaurant's service is absolutely terrible.)

错误说法

• 这个想法很烂。(In formal settings, avoid 烂 — use 不太好 or 有待改进; 烂 is quite blunt and casual)

起源与历史

Originally 爛 with fire radical 火, depicting something decomposing or breaking down, as if burned or dissolved.

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal