把⋯⋯给 (emphatic disposal)
含义
The advanced 把⋯⋯给 (bǎ...gěi) construction adds the word 给 before the verb phrase in a 把 sentence for emphasis. The 给 does not carry its usual meaning of 'give' but instead intensifies the action, often implying that it was thorough, irreversible, or emotionally significant.
In standard 把 sentences, the object is placed before the verb to emphasize what happens to it. Adding 给 before the verb phrase creates a stronger sense of completion, finality, or emotional weight. This construction is especially common when describing actions that resulted in loss, damage, or thorough completion — for example, eating something up, breaking something, or forgetting something entirely. The 给 in this pattern is grammaticalized and does not function as a verb meaning 'give.' It is more colloquial than the plain 把 construction and frequently appears in spoken Chinese and informal narrative. Learners often confuse this emphatic 给 with the dative 给 (to give to someone), but the two serve entirely different functions.
例句
- 他不小心把手机给摔碎了。
- 谁把冰箱里的蛋糕给吃掉了？
- 她一生气就把那封信给撕了。
用法指南
语境: spoken, everyday
语气: emphatic
正确说法
- 你怎么把人家的杯子给打碎了？
- 我差点把护照给弄丢了，吓死我了。
- 孩子们把客厅给弄得乱七八糟的。
- 他居然把老板交代的事给忘得一干二净。
错误说法
- 我把这本书给看。 (The 把⋯⋯给 construction requires a result complement or aspect marker after the verb — a bare verb is grammatically incomplete) → 我把这本书给看完了。
- 把给他一杯水。 (Here 给 is being used as a dative verb meaning 'give to,' not as an emphatic marker — the word order conflicts with both functions) → 给他一杯水。
- 她把那首歌给唱。 (Without a complement like 完 or 好, the emphatic 给 construction is incomplete — the verb must indicate a result or completion) → 她把那首歌给唱完了。
起源与历史
The emphatic 给 in 把 sentences developed from the grammaticalization of the verb 给 (to give). Over centuries of colloquial usage, 给 lost its lexical meaning in this position and became a purely functional element that reinforces the sense of thoroughness or finality in disposal constructions.
文化背景
世代: All ages
社会背景: Universal
相关短语
闪卡、测验、音频发音和间隔重复