艰苦奋斗

• 병음: jiān kǔ fèn dòu
• 한자 분석: 艰 = unyielding difficulty; 苦 = 草 + 古 (bitter — plant root that tastes bitter); 奋 = 大 + 田 + 隹 (exerting great force — a bird taking flight with full strength); 斗 = 斗 (ancient ladle used in fighting or contesting)

뜻

고난 속에서 분투하다; 어려운 환경에서도 악전고투하다

A fixed four-character idiom with strong political and cultural resonance in Chinese society, closely associated with the founding generation of the People's Republic and revolutionary spirit. Appears frequently in political speeches, party documents, and educational materials. Conveys the virtue of hard work, thrift, and refusing to give up despite privation.

예문

1. 老一辈革命家艰苦奋斗的精神值得我们永远铭记。
2. 创业初期公司资金匮乏，全体员工凭着艰苦奋斗的精神渡过了难关。
3. 他们在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上艰苦奋斗了三十年，终于建成了一座现代化城市。

사용 가이드

맥락: political discourse, party documents, historical narratives, education, motivational speeches

어조: solemn

올바른 표현

• 正因一代代建设者艰苦奋斗、无私奉献，这片土地才实现了历史性跨越。(It is precisely because generations of builders have worked hard and given selflessly that this land has achieved a historic leap forward.)
• 企业在顺境中收获成果重要，但培养员工在逆境中艰苦奋斗更关键。(It is important for a company to achieve results in good times, but it is even more crucial to train employees to persevere and struggle through adversity.)

피해야 할 표현

• 艰苦奋斗 is a politically and culturally loaded idiom — using it in purely commercial or trivial contexts can sound affected or tone-deaf. In everyday speech, prefer 努力拼搏 or 坚持不懈 for general hard work. Reserve 艰苦奋斗 for contexts that genuinely involve hardship, self-sacrifice, or collective struggle.

기원과 역사

艰苦 (hard and bitter conditions) + 奋斗 (to struggle; to strive — 奋 exert strength + 斗 fight/contest)

문화적 배경

시대: 20th century–present

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal