以上

• Reading: いじょう
• Romaji: ijou
• Kanji breakdown: 以 (i) — by means of, from; 上 (jō/ue) — above, upper
• Pronunciation: /i.dʑoː/

Meaning

More than; above; that is all. Used for quantities exceeding a threshold or to signal the end of a statement.

A versatile noun-suffix with two main uses. First, after numbers or quantities, it means 'more than' or 'or more' (e.g., 三人以上, three or more people). Second, used alone at the end of a statement, it means 'that is all' or 'end of report,' commonly heard in announcements, presentations, and formal speech.

Examples

1. 十八歳以上の方が参加できます。 Those aged eighteen or older may participate.
2. 三時間以上勉強しました。 I studied for more than three hours.
3. 報告は以上です。 That is all for the report.

Usage Guide

Context: quantities, rules, announcements, presentations

Tone: neutral

Origin & History

Compound of 以 (i, by means of/from) and 上 (jō, above/upper). Literally 'from above,' indicating something that exceeds a boundary.

Cultural Context

Era: Classical

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal