含める

• Reading: ふくめる
• Romaji: fukumeru
• Kanji breakdown: 含 (gan/fuku) — contain, include, hold in mouth
• Pronunciation: /ɸɯ.kɯ.me.ɾɯ/

Meaning

To include; to contain within a group or total. Also means to keep something in mind.

A Group 2 (ichidan) transitive verb conjugated by dropping る. The intransitive pair is 含む (fukumu, to contain). Common patterns: 税を含めて (including tax), AをBに含める (to include A in B). Also used figuratively: 意味を含めて (with implied meaning).

Examples

1. 送料を含めて三千円になります。 Including shipping, the total comes to three thousand yen.
2. 私を含めて五人が参加した。 Including me, five people participated.
3. すべての条件を含めた契約書を作った。 We created a contract that included all the conditions.

Usage Guide

Context: business, daily life, explanations

Tone: neutral

Origin & History

From 含む (fukumu, to hold in the mouth/contain). The める ending makes it transitive-causative: causing something to be contained.

Cultural Context

Era: Classical

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal