慎む

• Reading: つつしむ
• Romaji: tsutsushimu
• Kanji breakdown: 慎 (shin/tsutsushi) — be careful, be discreet, be prudent
• Pronunciation: /tsɯ.tsɯ.ɕi.mɯ/

Meaning

To be careful; to be discreet; to refrain from; to exercise restraint.

A Group 1 (godan) transitive verb meaning to restrain oneself or exercise prudence. Often used when advising someone to refrain from certain behaviours (drinking, speaking loudly). Carries a tone of self-discipline and propriety. Also written as 謹む in very formal contexts.

Examples

1. 体調が悪いときは飲酒を慎むべきだ。 When you're not feeling well, you should refrain from drinking alcohol.
2. 公共の場では大声を慎んでください。 Please keep your voice down in public places.
3. 言葉を慎まないと誤解を招くことがある。 If you're not careful with your words, you can cause misunderstandings.

Usage Guide

Context: health advice, etiquette, self-discipline

Tone: admonishing

Origin & History

From the kanji 慎 combining 心 (heart) and 真 (true), suggesting holding one's true heart in check. Historically associated with Confucian values of self-restraint and propriety.

Cultural Context

Era: Classical

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal