~という (called / that says)

Japanese Grammar Basic Japanese ★★★★★ 5/5 neutral というto iu
Reading という
Romaji to iu
Formation Clause / Name / Quote + という + Noun

Meaning

A phrase that marks information identifying, naming, or explaining the noun that follows. It connects a descriptive clause or name to a noun, equivalent to 'called,' 'named,' or 'that says.'

という literally means 'that says/is called' and serves multiple functions. First, it introduces names or identifications: 田中という人 (a person called Tanaka). Second, it conveys reported content: 明日は休みだという知らせ (a notice that says tomorrow is a day off). Third, it can add emphasis or definition: 努力という言葉 (the word 'effort'). The casual contraction is って: 田中って人. When used with こと, it creates ということ, meaning 'the fact that' or 'it means that.' という can also modify abstract nouns to provide explanatory detail: 日本語は難しいという考え (the idea that Japanese is difficult). It is one of the most frequently used connective phrases in Japanese.

Examples

  1. 桜という花は日本の象徴です。 The flower called sakura is a symbol of Japan.
  2. 明日テストがあるという話を聞いた。 I heard a rumor that there's a test tomorrow.
  3. 東京スカイツリーという塔を知っていますか。 Do you know the tower called Tokyo Skytree?

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, everyday

Tone: explanatory

Do Say

  • 山田という学生が来ました。
  • 来月引っ越すという話は本当ですか。
  • 自由という概念は人によって違う。
  • 失敗は成功のもとだということわざがある。

Don't Say

  • 佐藤の人に会った。(When identifying someone by name, use という: 佐藤という人) → 佐藤という人に会った。
  • 明日は休みの知らせが来た。(When a clause provides the content of a noun like 'notice,' use という: 休みだという知らせ) → 明日は休みだという知らせが来た。

Origin & History

という is composed of the quotative particle と and the verb 言う (iu, to say). Originally indicating reported speech, it became grammaticalized as a general connector for naming, defining, and explaining.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Related Phrases

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