万葉仮名

Japanese JLPT N1 Vocabulary Japanese ★★ 2/5 formal まんようがなman'yougana
読み まんようがな
ローマ字 man'yougana
漢字の分解 万 (man/ban) — ten thousand, myriad; 葉 (yō/ha) — leaf, page, era; 仮 (ka/kari) — temporary, provisional; 名 (mei/na) — name
発音 /man.joː.ɡa.na/

意味

Man'yōgana; the earliest Japanese writing system, which used Chinese characters (kanji) purely for their phonetic value to represent Japanese sounds.

Before the development of hiragana and katakana, ancient Japanese scribes adapted Chinese characters to write the Japanese language by borrowing their sounds and ignoring their meanings. For example, 安 (an) was used to represent the sound あ. Named after the Man'yōshū anthology, which used this system extensively. Both hiragana and katakana developed from simplified forms of man'yōgana characters — hiragana from cursive forms, katakana from abbreviated parts of the characters.

例文

  1. 万葉仮名は漢字の音だけを借りて日本語の音声を表記した古代の書記法だ。
  2. 万葉集の原文は万葉仮名で記されており、現代人がそのまま読むことは難しい。
  3. 平仮名と片仮名はいずれも万葉仮名から生まれたとされている。

使い方ガイド

場面: linguistics, classical literature, writing history, education

トーン: scholarly

起源と歴史

Named after the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū, 'Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves'), Japan's oldest surviving poetry anthology, which employs the system extensively. 仮名 (kana) means 'borrowed/temporary names,' reflecting the provisional adaptation of Chinese characters for Japanese phonetics.

文化的背景

時代: Nara–Heian

世代: Students and scholars

社会的背景: Educated

関連フレーズ

仮名 Kana; the Japanese phonetic syllabary comprising hiragana and katakana, developed from simplified Chinese characters. 侘び寂び Wabi-sabi; a Japanese aesthetic that finds beauty in imperfection, incompleteness, and transience. An appreciation for the humble, weathered, and irregular. 俳句 Haiku; a traditional Japanese poem of 17 syllables in three lines (5-7-5), typically evoking nature, a season, and a single vivid moment. 入門 Introduction; a primer or entry into a field of study. Also: the formal act of becoming a disciple under a master in a traditional art. 和歌 Waka; traditional Japanese poetry, particularly the tanka form with a 5-7-5-7-7 syllable structure. The classical poetic tradition of Japan as distinguished from Chinese verse. 和紙 Washi; traditional handmade Japanese paper crafted from plant fibres such as kozo (mulberry). A material central to Japanese literary, artistic, and cultural heritage. 四字熟語 A four-character idiom; a compound of four kanji forming a fixed idiomatic expression, often of Chinese origin. Known in English as yojijukugo. 常用漢字 Jōyō kanji; the official list of commonly used Chinese characters in contemporary Japanese.
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