不登校

• 読み: ふとうこう
• ローマ字: futoko
• 漢字の分解: 不 (fu) — negation; 登 (to) — climb, attend; 校 (ko) — school
• 発音: /ɸɯ.toː.koː/

意味

School refusal; truancy; absenteeism. A condition in which a child or adolescent repeatedly fails to attend school due to psychological, social, or other reasons.

Japan's Ministry of Education defines 不登校 as missing 30 or more school days per year for reasons other than illness or financial hardship. It is distinct from simple truancy, as it often involves anxiety, bullying, or school-related stress rather than wilful defiance. The number of 不登校 students in Japan reached a record high in recent years, prompting policy discussions about alternative education paths and 学びの多様化 (diversification of learning). Related terms include 登校拒否 (older, now less preferred term) and フリースクール (free school, an alternative setting).

例文

1. 文部科学省の調査によると、不登校の小中学生は過去最多を更新し続けており、深刻な教育課題となっている。
2. いじめが原因で不登校になった息子のために、両親はフリースクールへの転籍を検討した。
3. 不登校の子どもたちに対して、オンライン学習を出席扱いとする制度が一部の自治体で導入されている。

使い方ガイド

場面: education, child welfare, mental health, social policy, parenting

トーン: neutral to serious

起源と歴史

Compound of 不 (fu — negation) and 登校 (toko — attending school; from 登 to go up/climb + 校 school). The term was officially adopted by the Ministry of Education in 1998, replacing 登校拒否 (school refusal) to shift away from framing the issue as the child's fault or defiance.

文化的背景

時代: Heisei-Reiwa

世代: Youth

社会的背景: Universal