应付

• ピンイン: yìng fu
• 漢字の分解: 应 = 广 + 应 (to respond to a demand); 付 = 亻 + 寸 (person + measure — to hand over, deliver)

意味

対処する／（その場しのぎで）やり過ごす

Has two layers: (1) to deal with or handle a situation (neutral, sometimes difficult); (2) to do something perfunctorily, just enough to satisfy a requirement without real effort (negative connotation). Context determines which is meant. Common in workplace and daily life contexts.

例文

1. 他提醒学员，面对突发舆情，千万别用模糊措辞去应付公众。
2. 他平时总想最低限度地应付课业，直到毕业论文临近才发现自己准备不足。
3. 新任运营主管发现问题积重难返，不能只靠日常应付，必须系统整改。

使い方ガイド

場面: work, study, crisis management, daily life

トーン: pragmatic

正しい言い方

• 发布会上，发言人从容应付记者追问，既不回避关键问题，也化解了紧张气氛。(At the press conference, the spokesperson handled the reporters' follow-up questions calmly, neither avoiding the key issues nor failing to ease the tense atmosphere.)
• 面对三个项目同时推进、资源严重不足，项目总监没有勉强应付，而是如实上报，最终促成资源调整。(Faced with three projects moving ahead at once and a severe shortage of resources, the project director did not try to cope by force; instead, he reported the truth and eventually brought about a resource adjustment.)

避ける言い方

• 他用英语应付了外国客人 — this implies he barely managed with English, which may not be intended; if he communicated well, say 他用英语顺利接待了外国客人; use 应付 only when the sense of 'just getting by' or 'muddling through' is intended

起源と歴史

应 (to respond — 广 + 应, to answer what is required) + 付 (to hand over/deal with — 亻 person + 寸 measure, to deliver/hand over)

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal