一长一短

• ピンイン: yī cháng yī duǎn
• 漢字の分解: 一 = one; 长 = pictograph of a person with long hair — long; 一 = one; 短 = 矢 + 豆 (arrow + vessel — measuring a short distance)

意味

陰で人の欠点をあれこれ言う（悪口・あら探しをする）

Literally 'one long, one short.' Figuratively refers to making critical or gossipy remarks about someone — speaking of their shortcomings in their absence. Frequently appears in the pattern 说人一长一短 (gossip about or find fault with someone). Used to caution against idle criticism and two-faced behaviour.

例文

1. 他背后说人一长一短，当面却一副关心备至的模样，这种两面派作风令人不齿。
2. 邻居们常常聚在院子里议论一长一短，谁家添了新车，谁家孩子成绩不理想，都成了话题。
3. 管理者若只知在员工面前说一长一短，而不提供具体改进建议，只会打击士气而毫无益处。

使い方ガイド

場面: social, interpersonal, criticism, daily life

トーン: critical

正しい言い方

• 在职场背后一长一短会伤害团队凝聚力，聪明的员工会把对同事表现的意见直接、建设性地告诉主管。(In the workplace, gossiping behind others' backs hurts team cohesion; smart employees give their views on colleagues' performance directly and constructively to a supervisor.)
• 这对老夫妻搬来后邻里本来和睦，但有人在聚会上说一长一短，议论各家是非，渐渐让气氛变得微妙。(After the elderly couple moved in, the neighbors were originally harmonious, but some people began to gossip at gatherings and discuss everyone's faults, gradually making the atmosphere awkward.)

避ける言い方

• 这批木料一长一短，无法使用 — when describing physically unequal lengths in formal contexts, prefer 长短不一 (varying in length); 一长一短 in modern usage almost always carries the figurative sense of gossiping or criticising, making the literal use ambiguous

起源と歴史

一 (one) + 长 (long) + 一 (one) + 短 (short) — an antithetical compound describing inconsistency in length; figuratively extended to inconsistency and fault-finding in speech about others

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal