虚伪

• ピンイン: xū wěi
• 漢字の分解: 虚 = 虍 + 业 (hollow); 伪 = 人 + 为 (human action without genuine intent — fake)

意味

偽善的で不誠実なこと（うわべだけで裏表があること）

A moral criticism implying deliberate pretence or double standards. Used in interpersonal, political, and literary contexts. Stronger than 不真诚 and carries clear negative connotation. Often contrasted with 真诚 (sincere).

例文

1. 他在公众面前标榜廉洁，私下却大肆受贿，虚伪至极。
2. 她厌倦了那种表面友好、背后算计的虚伪关系，决心只与真诚的人交往。
3. 这篇小说深刻揭示了上流社会虚伪的道德外衣背后隐藏的腐败与丑陋。

使い方ガイド

場面: interpersonal, politics, literature, social criticism

トーン: critical

正しい言い方

• 他所表现出来的关怀不过是一种虚伪的表演，目的只是在同事面前维护自己的形象。(The concern he displayed was nothing but hypocritical performance, aimed solely at maintaining his image in front of colleagues.)
• 真正的友谊建立在坦诚的基础之上，任何虚伪的成分都会在时间的考验下逐渐显露。(Genuine friendship is built on honesty; any element of insincerity will gradually be revealed with the test of time.)

避ける言い方

• 虚伪的错误 — 虚伪 is a moral judgement about deliberate pretence; for honest mistakes use 错误 or 失误; do not conflate moral failing with factual error

起源と歴史

虚 (empty/false) + 伪 (fake/deceitful) — falseness combined with deception

文化的背景

時代: Classical to Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal