下游

• ピンイン: xià yóu
• 漢字の分解: 下 = lower, below; 游 = 氵+ 㫃 (water + flowing — the act of flowing or a section of a waterway)

意味

下流／（産業の）下流

Two main senses: (1) geographic — the portion of a river nearer to the sea, where the river is wider and flows more slowly; (2) economic — downstream industries process or sell finished goods derived from upstream raw materials. For example, in petroleum: refining and retail are downstream; extraction is upstream. Pairs with 上游 (upstream/upper reaches) and 中游 (midstream).

例文

1. 长江下游地区经济高度发达，以上海为核心的城市群形成了亚洲最具竞争力的制造业与金融业集聚地之一。
2. 水利部门警告上游水库的大规模泄洪可能对下游沿岸居民区造成严重影响，已启动紧急疏散预案。
3. 新能源汽车产业链中，电池材料属于上游，整车制造属于中游，充电服务和售后保障则属于下游环节。

使い方ガイド

場面: geography, industry, supply chain, economics

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 中国光伏产业在上游、中游和下游多个环节都占据全球主导地位。(China's photovoltaic industry holds a global leading position in multiple links, from upstream to midstream and downstream.)
• 黄河治理规划把上游保水土、中游调水沙和下游防洪减灾统筹起来，强调流域整体平衡。(The Yellow River management plan coordinates upstream soil and water conservation, midstream water and sediment control, and downstream flood prevention and disaster reduction, emphasizing overall basin balance.)

避ける言い方

• 下游 in formal supply chain analysis without clarifying the industry context — upstream and downstream positions differ significantly by sector; always contextualise when the industry type is not self-evident from the surrounding discussion

起源と歴史

下 (lower, downstream) + 游 (to flow, a section of a river — 氵+ a flowing component — moving water in a particular reach)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal