失灵

• ピンイン: shī líng
• 漢字の分解: 失 = 手 + 乙 (to lose, to slip); 灵 = 雨 + 口 + 工 (spirit, efficacy, responsiveness)

意味

（機械・仕組みが）故障して機能しなくなる

Used for equipment, systems, or mechanisms that have broken down or ceased to function. Also used metaphorically for social systems, regulatory frameworks, or bodily functions. Collocations: 制动失灵 (brake failure), 系统失灵 (system failure), 调控失灵 (regulatory failure), 感官失灵 (sensory malfunction). Stronger than 故障 in implying a complete loss of function.

例文

1. 飞机在降落前突然发现起落架失灵，机长迅速启动紧急预案，最终引导飞机安全迫降在备用跑道上。
2. 在长时间高负荷运行后，该数据中心的冷却系统出现失灵迹象，工程师立即实施紧急停机检修。
3. 当市场价格机制失灵时，政府有必要通过行政手段适度干预，以维护正常的市场秩序和消费者权益。

使い方ガイド

場面: technology, engineering, aviation, economics, medicine

トーン: urgent

正しい言い方

• 事故调查报告指出，信号控制系统短暂失灵是导致这起高铁追尾事故的直接原因，相关部门已启动全面系统排查。(The accident investigation report pointed out that a brief malfunction of the signal control system was the direct cause of this high-speed rail rear-end collision; relevant authorities have launched a comprehensive system inspection.)
• 当道德约束与法律监管同时失灵时，金融机构便容易滑入追逐短期暴利而罔顾系统性风险的危险轨道。(When both moral constraints and legal supervision malfunction simultaneously, financial institutions can easily slip into the dangerous path of chasing short-term windfall profits while disregarding systemic risk.)

避ける言い方

• 失灵 for a person who is behaving strangely or unpredictably — 失灵 refers to mechanisms, systems, or devices failing to function; use 失常 or 反常 for unusual human behaviour

起源と歴史

失 (to lose) + 灵 (efficacy, spirit, responsiveness)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal