封建

• ピンイン: fēng jiàn
• 漢字の分解: 封 = 土 + 寸 (earth + measure — to demarcate and grant territory); 建 = 廴 + 聿 (walk + brush — to establish/build)

意味

封建的; 時代遅れで抑圧的な（家父長的な）

Historically refers to the Chinese feudal system of enfeoffment (分封制). In contemporary colloquial usage, 封建 often functions as a pejorative label for patriarchal, hierarchical, or backward-looking attitudes, particularly regarding gender roles, family authority, and resistance to change.

例文

1. 五四运动的先驱们致力于彻底打破封建礼教对人们思想的束缚。
2. 在一些偏远地区，封建迷信活动依然对当地居民的生活产生着深刻影响。
3. 她的父母思想封建，坚决反对她独自出国留学。

使い方ガイド

場面: history, social critique, gender, culture

トーン: critical

正しい言い方

• 批判封建糟粕并不意味着否定传统文化中的一切，而是要去粗取精，传承其中的精华。(Criticising feudal dross does not mean negating all of traditional culture; rather, it means discarding the coarse and retaining the fine.)
• 她认为，强制要求女性婚后冠夫姓是一种封建思维的延续，理应受到质疑。(She believes that forcing women to take their husband's surname after marriage is a continuation of feudal thinking that should be questioned.)

避ける言い方

• 封建是好的 — in modern Chinese, 封建 used without historical qualification reads as unambiguously pejorative; for neutral historical discussion add 历史上的封建制度

起源と歴史

封 (to enfeoff/seal/grant territory) + 建 (to establish/build) — referring to the system of granting lands and titles

文化的背景

時代: Historical

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal